Organic Chemistry Chapter 9

Question 1

What are Organic Compounds?

Answer 1

Compounds that contain carbon

Question 2

What do organic compounds consist of?

Answer 2

Carbon backbone and one or more functional groups

Question 3

What do hydrocarbon functional groups consist of?

Answer 3

Carbon and Hydrogen

Question 4

What compounds do hydrocarbon functional groups consist of?

Answer 4

Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Aromatic Compounds

Question 5

What is an Alkane?

Answer 5

Hydrocarbon that contains all single bonds

Question 6

What is an Alkene?

Answer 6

Carbon-carbon double bond

Question 7

What is an Alkyne?

Answer 7

Carbon-carbon triple bond

Question 8

What is an aromatic functional group?

Answer 8

A benzene ring

Question 9

What is an Alkyl Group?

Answer 9

An Alkane minus 1 hydrogen atom. They are “stick-on” groups appended to larger organic molecules. Represented as “R”.

Question 10

What are alcohols and Ethers derived from?

Answer 10

Water

Question 11

What is the Alcohol functional group?

Answer 11

Hydroxyl (OH) group.

(A generic alcohol may be represented as R-OH.

Question 12

What is the Ether functional group?

Answer 12

Oxygen bonded to 2 alkyl groups

(A generic Ether may be represented as R-O-R)

Question 13

What is the functional group of an Alkyl Halide?

Answer 13

Halogen Atom (F, Cl, Br, I)

Generic alkyl halides may be represented as “X” so may be represented as R-X.

Question 14

What are many inhaled anesthetic reagents composed of?

Answer 14

Alkyl Halides with Ether functional groups

Question 15

What are Amines derived from?

Answer 15

Ammonia, in which one or more of the hydrogens on ammonia have been replaced by alkyl groups.

(Example of Generic Amines: RNH2, R2NH, R3N)

Question 16

What is the Carbonal group?

Answer 16

Carbon double bonded to an Oxygen.

Question 17

What are the carbonyl-based functional groups?

Answer 17

Aldehydes
Ketones
Carboxylic Acids
Esters
Amides

Question 18

What is an Aldehyde?

Answer 18

Hydrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl group

Ex: R(C=O)OH (Can also be written as RCO2H or RCOOH

Question 19

What is a Ketone?

Answer 19

2 Alkyl groups bonded to a carbonal group.

Ex: R2C=O

Question 20

What is a Carboxylic Acid?

Answer 20

Hydroxyl group bonded to a carbonyl group

Ex: RCO2H or RCOOH

Question 21

What is an Ester?

Answer 21

Alkoxy (OR) group bonded to Carbonyl Group

Ex: R(C=O)OR, RCO2R or RCOOR.

Question 22

What are Esters condensation products of?

Answer 22

Carboxylic Acid and Alcohol.

RCO2H+ROH—>RCO2R+H2O

Question 23

What is an Amide?

Answer 23

Nitrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl group.

Ex: R(C=O)NR2.

Question 24

What is the “R” group on Nitrogen of an Amide?

Answer 24

Alkyl groups or hydrogens

Question 25

What are Amides condensation products between?

Answer 25

Carboxylic Acid and an Alcohol.

Ex: RCO2H + R2NH —> R(C=O)NR2 + H2O.

Question 26

Aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reactions with_________ to form_________?

Answer 26

Alcohols
Hemiacetal/Hemiketal

Question 27

The functional group of a hemiacetal/hemiketal is characterized by which 2 functional groups on the same carbon?

Answer 27

Ether Functional Group and Alcohol functional group on the same carbon

R2C = O + R’OH —> R2C(OH)R’

Question 28

In the presence of excess alcohol (and an acid catalyst), aldehydes and ketones condense with 2 alcohol molecules to form what?

Answer 28

Acetals or ketals