Organic Chemistry Chapter 6

Question 1

The most characteristic reaction of alkenes to the carbon carbon double bond in such way that the π bond is broken and in its place ó bonds form to two new atoms or groups of atoms

Answer 1

Addition reaction

Question 2

A detailed description of how and why a chemical reaction occurs as it does which bonds are broken and which new ones are formed

Answer 2

Reaction mechanism

Question 3

Corresponds to an energy minimum between two transition states

Answer 3

Reactive intermediate

Question 4

3 intermediates

Answer 4

Carbocations, radicals, carbanions

Question 5

Positively charged carbon atom

Answer 5

Carbocations

Question 6

Neutral with single electron

Answer 6

Radicals

Question 7

Negatively charged carbon atom with lone pair

Answer 7

Carbanion

Question 8

A step that crosses the highest energy barrier

Answer 8

Rate determination step

Question 9

The slowest step in a multi-step reaction and determine the overall rate of reaction

Answer 9

Rate determination step

Question 10

The peaks on the surface

Answer 10

Transition states

Question 11

Acid increases the concentration of h+ ions and base increases the concentration of oh- in the aqueous solution

Answer 11

Arrhenius theory

Question 12

A species that can accept an electron pair from lewis base

Answer 12

Lewis acid

Question 13

Donates electrons to lewis acid

Answer 13

Lewis base

Question 14

A theory where acid is the donor of h+ while base is the acceptor of h+

Answer 14

Bronsted lowry theory

Question 15

A conjugate that accept proton

Answer 15

Conjugate acid

Question 16

A conjugate that losses proton

Answer 16

Conjugate base

Question 17

Electron deficient species

Answer 17

Electrophile

Question 18

Electron loving

Answer 18

Electrophile

Question 19

Means nucleus loving

Answer 19

Nucleophile

Question 20

Possess a region of low density ( full or partial positive charge ) or they lack an octet on an atom

Answer 20

Electrophile

Question 21

Electron rich species

Answer 21

Nucleophile

Question 22

Occur when electrophiles add to a π bond

Answer 22

Electrophilic addition

Question 23

Are stabilized by the electron releasing inductive effect of alkyl groups bonded to the cationic carbon and by hyperconjugation

Answer 23

Carbocations

Question 24

Can be rearranged

Answer 24

Carbocations

Question 25

The order of stability is 3°, 2°, 1° , methyl

Answer 25

Carbocations

Question 26

The driving force for the rearrangement is conversion to a more stable 2° or 3°

Answer 26

Carbocations

Question 27

According to markonikov’ role in the addition of HX or H2O to an unsymmetrical alkene hydrogen adds to the carbon of the double bond having the greater number of hydrogens and X or OH adds to the more substituted carbon ( fewer atoms )

Answer 27

Radioselective reactions

Question 28

Water in the presence of an acid catalyst converts an alkene into an alcohol

Answer 28

Addition of water: acid catalyzed hydration

Question 29

X goes to highest number of hydrogen atoms while H goes to a carbon with least each atom in the presence of H-Br / ROOR or peroxide or H2O2

Answer 29

Anti Markonikov’

Question 30

Cl2 or Br2 is used to convert an alkene into a vicinal dihalide

Answer 30

Addition of bromine and chlorine

Question 31

Is used to convert alkenes to alcohols

Answer 31

Oxymercuration-Reduction

Question 32

The mechanism involves attack by the alkene p bond on one atom of X2 to give a bridge halonium ion intermediate ( a cation ) that is in turn attack by X2 from the backside to give the vicinal dihalide

Answer 32

Addition of bromine and chlorine

Question 33

BH3 followed by basic H2O2 converts alkenes into alcohols with non markonikov’ radioselectivity ( OH ads to the less substituted alkene carbon ) and syn stereoselectivity without rearrangement

Answer 33

Hydroboration-oxidation

Question 34

The addition of atoms for groups of atoms to the same phase of a carbon carbon double bond

Answer 34

Syn selectivity