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Midterm Reviewer > Anaphy > Flashcards

Anaphy Flashcards

1
Q
  • keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis.
A

Hair

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2
Q

an epidermal penetration of the dermis

A

Hair follicle

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3
Q

part of the hair NOT anchored to the follicle, EXPOSED AT SKIN SURFACE

A

Hair shaft

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4
Q

lies BELOW surface of skin

A

Hair root

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5
Q

layer of mitotically active basal cells

A

Hair matrix

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6
Q

hair root end deep in the dermis , surrounds the hair papilla

A

Hair bulb

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7
Q

made of connective tissue, blood capillaries, nerve endings

A

Hair papilla

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8
Q
  • SURROUND ROOT of GROWING HAIR
A

Internal root sheath

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9
Q
  • EXTENSION of EPIDERMIS, ENCLOSES HAIR ROOT
A

External root sheath

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10
Q
  • THICK CLEAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE, COVERS HAIR ROOT
A

Glassy membrane

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11
Q
  • cells divide rapidly at the root of the hair
A

Anagen

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12
Q
  • HAIR FOLLICLE ACTIVE GROWTH
A

Catagen

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13
Q
  • HAIR FOLLICLE AT REST
  • NO NEW GROWTH
A

Telogen

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14
Q

TIP OF FINGERS AND TOES ), RICH IN BLOOD VESSELS

A

Nail bed

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15
Q

FORMS ON NAIL BED ), FARTHEST EXTREMITIES, FORMS BACK SUPPORT FOR PICKING OBJECTS, COMPOSED OF DENSELY PACKED DEAD KERATINOCYTES

A

Nail body

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16
Q

MATRIX OF PROLIFERATING CELLS FROM STRATUM BASALE

A

Nail Root

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17
Q

OVERLAPS NAIL ON SIDES FOR ANCHORING NAIL BODY

A

Nail fold

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18
Q

EPONYCHIUM

A

Nail cuticle

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19
Q

LITTLE MOON )

A

Lunula

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20
Q

FURTHEST FROM CUTICLE

A

Hyponychium

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21
Q

genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes.

A

Albinism

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22
Q
  • melanocytes in certain areas lose their ability to produce melanin, possibly due to an autoimmune reaction.
A

Vitiligo

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23
Q

cause the accumulation of bile and the yellow pigment bilirubin, leading to the skin appearing yellow or jaundiced

A

Liver Cancer

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24
Q

secretion of large amounts of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which results in a darkening of the skin.

A

Tumor of Pituitary Gland

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25
Q
  • RELEASE OF EXCESS AMOUNT OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE WHICH GIVE DEEP BRONZE COLOR
A

Addison Disease

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26
Q
  • WHITE SKIN DISORDER
A

Ashen

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27
Q

Blue skin

A

Cyanosis

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28
Q
  • cancer that affects the mitotically active stem cells
A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

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29
Q
  • cancer that affects the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum
A

SQUAMOS CELL CARCINOMA

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30
Q

cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of melanocytes

A

MELANOMA

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31
Q

inflammatory condition and occurs in individuals of all ages.
- allergic reaction that manifests as dry, itchy patches of skin that resemble rashes

A

Eczema

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32
Q
  • involves the clogging of pores
  • skin disturbance that typically occurs on areas of the skin that are rich in sebaceous glands (face and back).
A

Acne

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33
Q
  • OILY SUBSTANCE
A

Sebum

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34
Q
  • IRREGULAR ACCUMULATION OF MELANOCYTES
A

Freckles

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35
Q
  • larger masses of melanocytes
A

Mole

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36
Q
  • Asymmetry – the two sides are not symmetrical
  • Borders – the edges are irregular in shape
  • Color – the color is varied shades of brown or black
  • Diameter – it is larger than 6 mm (0.24 in)
  • Evolving – its shape has changed
A

ABCDE

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37
Q
  • collagen-rich skin formed after the process of wound healing
A

Scar

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38
Q
  • formation of a raised or hypertrophic scar
A

Keloid

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39
Q
  • called decubitis ulcers, are caused by constant, long-term, unrelieved pressure on certain body parts
A

Bedsore

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40
Q
  • dermis is stretched beyond its limits of elasticity
A

Stretch mark

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41
Q
  • basal stem cells in the stratum basale are triggered to divide more often to increase the thickness of the skin at the point of abrasion to protect the rest of the body from further damage
A

Calluses

42
Q

specialized form of callus
- form from abrasions on the skin that result from an elliptical-type motion.

A

Corn

43
Q
  • semi-rigid form of connective tissue
  • Provide flexibility and smooth surfaces
A

Cartilage

44
Q
  • contains adipose tissue; the triglycerides stored in the adipocytes of the tissue can serve as a source of energy
A

Yellow Marrow

45
Q
  • where hematopoiesis—the production of blood cells—takes place.
  • Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are all produced in the red marrow.
A

Red marrow

46
Q
  • is cylindrical in shape, being longer than it is wide
  • FOUND IN ARMS, LEGS, FINGERS AND TOES
  • FUNCTIONS AS LEVERS
A

Long Bone

47
Q
  • cube-like in shape
  • provide stability and support as well as some limited motion.
  • EXAMPLES :
  • CARPALS AND WRIST
A

Short bones

48
Q
  • is somewhat of a misnomer
  • typically thin, it is also often curved
  • points of attachment for muscles and often protect internal organs.
  • EXAMPLES INCLUDE:
    CRANIAL ( SKULL )
    SCAPULAE ( SHOULDER BLADE )
    STERNUM ( BREAST BONE )
A

Flat bone

49
Q
  • that does not have any easily characterized shape and therefore does not fit any other classification.
  • have more complex shapes, like the vertebrae that support the spinal cord and protect it from compressive forces.
  • PROTECT INTERNAL ORGANS
  • EXAMPLES:
  • FACIAL BONES LIKE SINUSES
A

Irregular Bones

50
Q
  • small, round bone
  • FOUND IN TENDONS
  • PROTECT TENDONS
  • PATELLAE ( SINGULAR IS PATELLA ) COMMONLY FOUND IN EVERY PERSON
A

Sesamoid bones

51
Q
  • the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone.
  • hollow region called the medullary cavity, filled with yellow marrow
  • DENSE COMPACT BONES
A

Diaphysis

52
Q
  • wider section at each end of the bone
  • is filled with spongy bone
  • CONTAIN epiphyseal plate (growth plate), a layer of hyaline (transparent)
A

Epiphysis

53
Q
  • two bone surfaces come together
  • JOINT
A

Articulation

54
Q
  • projects above the surface of the bone
  • the attachment points for tendons and ligament
A

Projection

55
Q
  • opening or groove in the bone
A

Hole

56
Q
  • DOCTOR FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
A

Orthopedist

57
Q

Ortho means

A

Straight

58
Q

Paed means

A

Child

59
Q

STRAIGHTENING OF THE CHILD )

A

ORTHOPEDICS

60
Q

FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS AND FLOW OF IONS FOR NERVE IMPULSES

A

Calcium ions

61
Q

delicate membranous lining
- ENDO MEANS INSIDE

A

Endosteum

62
Q
  • outer surface of the bone is covered with a fibrous membrane
  • PERI MEANS AROUND OR SURROUNDING
A

Periosteum

63
Q

Thin layer of cartilage that reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber.

A

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

64
Q
  • SPONGY BONE
A

Diploe

65
Q

Dense, stronger, it can withstand compressive forces

A

Compact Bone

66
Q

cancellous) bone has open spaces and supports shifts in weight distribution.

A

Spongy bone

67
Q
  • HAVERSIAN SYSTEM
  • microscopic structural unit of compact bone
A

Osteon

68
Q
  • contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels.
  • HAVERSIAN CANAL
A

Central canal

69
Q
  • VOLKMANN’S CANAL
A

PERFORATING CANAL

70
Q
  • the primary cell of mature bone
  • most common type of bone cell.
  • Maintains bone tissue
A

Osteocytes

71
Q
  • bone cell responsible for forming new bone
  • found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and endosteum.
  • do not divide, synthesize and secrete the collagen matrix and calcium salts.
  • Forms bone matrix
A

Osteoblasts

72
Q
  • undifferentiated with high mitotic activity
  • only bone cells that divide
  • Stem cells
A

Osteogenic Cells

73
Q
  • found on bone surfaces, are multinucleated, and originate from monocytes and macrophages
  • Resorbs bone
A

Osteoclasts

74
Q
  • INTRAMEMBRANOUS AND ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION
A

OSTEOGENIC PATHWAYS

75
Q

SHEETS OF MESENCHYMAL

A

INTRAMEMBRANOUS

76
Q
  • REPLACING HYALINE CARTILAGE
A

ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION

77
Q
  • COVERS CARTILAGE
A

PERICHONDRIUM

78
Q
  • next layer toward the diaphysis
A

PROLIFERATIVE ZONE

79
Q
  • matrix is resorbed on one surface of a bone and deposited on another
A

Bone remodeling

80
Q
  • BROKEN BRONE
A

Fracture

81
Q
  • MANIPULATION OF BONES WITHOUT SURGERY
A

Closed reduction

82
Q
  • REQUIRES SURGERY
A

Open reduction

83
Q
  • disorder of the bone remodeling process that begins with overactive osteoclasts.
A

Paget’s disease

84
Q
  • genetic disease in which bones do not form properly
A

OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

85
Q
  • drugs that decrease the activity of osteoclasts
A

BISPHOSPHONATES

86
Q

Needed to make calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate, which form the hydroxyapatite crystals that give bone its hardness

A

Calcium

87
Q

Needed for calcium absorption

A

Vitamin D

88
Q

Supports bone mineralization; may have synergistic effect with vitamin D

A

Vitamin K

89
Q

Increases length of long bones, enhances mineralization, and improves bone density

A

Growth hormone

90
Q

Stimulates bone growth and promotes synthesis of bone matrix

A

Thyroxine

91
Q

Promote osteoblastic activity and production of bone matrix; responsible for adolescent growth spurt; promote conversion of epiphyseal plate to epiphyseal line

A

Sex hormone

92
Q

Stimulates absorption of calcium and phosphate from digestive tract

A

Calcitriol

93
Q

Stimulates osteoclast proliferation and resorption of bone by osteoclasts; promotes reabsorption of calcium by kidney tubules; indirectly increases calcium absorption by small intestine

A

Parathyroid hormone

94
Q

Inhibits osteoclast activity and stimulates calcium uptake by bones

A

Calcitonin

95
Q

Occurs straight across the long axis of the bone

A

Transverse

96
Q

Occurs at an angle that is not 90 degrees

A

Obliques

97
Q

Bone segments are pulled apart as a result of a twisting motion

A

Spiral

98
Q

Several breaks result in many small pieces between two large segments

A

Comminuted

99
Q

One fragment is driven into the other, usually as a result of compression

A

Impacted

100
Q

A partial fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken

A

Greenstick

101
Q

A fracture in which at least one end of the broken bone tears through the skin; carries a high risk of infection

A

Open ( compound)

102
Q

A fracture in which the skin remains intact

A

Close ( simple)

Midterm Reviewer (4 decks)

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