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MCAT > Organic Chemistry Ch. 1 > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Ch. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Oxidation state increases with more bonds to ___

A

Heteroatoms

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2
Q

Define heteroatoms

A

atoms besides carbon

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3
Q

Oxidation state decreases with more bonds to ____

A

Hydrogen

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4
Q

List the prefix and suffix for carboxylic acids

A

Prefix: carboxyl-
Suffix: -oic acid

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5
Q

List the prefix and suffix for anhydrides

A

Prefix: alkanoyloxycarbonyl-
Suffix: anhydride

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6
Q

List the prefix and suffix for esters

A

Prefix: alkoxycarbonyl-
Suffix: -oate

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7
Q

List the prefix and suffix for amides

A

Prefix: carbamoyl- or amido-
Suffix: -amide

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8
Q

List the prefix and suffix for aldehydes

A

Prefix: oxo-
Suffix: -al

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9
Q

List the prefix and suffix for ketones

A

Prefix: oxo- or keto-
Suffix: -one

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10
Q

List the prefix and suffix for alcohols

A

Prefix: hydroxy-
Suffix: -ol

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11
Q

List the prefix and suffix for alkenes

A

Prefix: alkenyl-
Suffix: -ene

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12
Q

List the prefix and suffix for alkynes

A

Prefix: alkynyl-
Suffix: -yne

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13
Q

List the prefix and suffix for alkanes

A

Prefix: alkyl-
Suffix: -ane

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14
Q

Arrange the functional groups in order of priority

A

carboxylic acid>anhydride>ester>amide>aldehyde>ketone>alcohol>alkene/alkyne>alkane

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15
Q

When do akenes have higher priority than alkynes

A

In cyclic compounds

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16
Q

What is the common name for methanoic acid?

A

Formic acid

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17
Q

What molecule is this:
H-C-OH
||
O

A

Formic acid/methanoic acid

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18
Q

Draw the structure of formic acid

A

H-C-OH
||
O

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19
Q

What is the common name for ethanoic acid?

A

Acetic acid

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20
Q

What molecule is this:
CH3-C-OH
||
O

A

Acetic/ethanoic acid

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21
Q

Draw the structure for acetic acid

A

What molecule is this:
CH3-C-OH
||
O

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22
Q

What is the common name for propanoic acid?

A

Propionic acid

23
Q

What molecule is this:
CH3CH2-C-OH
||
O

A

Propionic/propanoic acid

24
Q

What are the derivatives of carboxylic acids?

A

Esters, amides, anhydrides

25
Q

Describe the structure of carboxylic acids

A

carbonyl group (C=O) with a hydroxyl group (-OH) on the terminal carbon:

R-C-OH
||
O

26
Q

Describe the structure of esters

A

carbonyl group (C=O) with a alkoxyl group (-OR) on terminal carbon:

R-C-OR
||
O

27
Q

Describe the structure of amides

A

carbonyl group (C=O) with an amino group (-NR) on the terminal carbon:

R-C-NR
||
O

28
Q

Describe the structure of anhydrides

A

two carbonyl groups (C=O) connected to an oxygen, typically symmetrical and/or cyclic:

R-C-O-C-R
|| ||
O O

29
Q

Describe the structure of aldehydes

A

carbonyl group that is found at the end of a carbon chain:

R-C-H
||
O

30
Q

What is the common name for methanal?

A

Formaldehyde

31
Q

What is the common name for ethanal?

A

Acetylaldehyde

32
Q

What is the common name for propanal?

A

Propionaldehyde

33
Q

Describe the structure of ketones

A

carbonyl group found in the middle of a carbon chain:
R-C-R
||
O

34
Q

What is the common name for 2-propanol?

A

isopropyl alcohol

35
Q

What is the common name for ethanol?

A

Ethyl alcohol

36
Q

Methanoic acid/formic acid is what type of molecule?

A

Carboxylic acid

37
Q

Ethanoic acid/acetic acid is what type of molecule?

A

Carboxylic acid

38
Q

Propanoic acid/propionic acid is what type of molecule?

A

Carboxylic acid

39
Q

Methanal/formaldehyde is what type of molecule?

40
Q

Ethanal/acetaldehyde is what type of molecule?

41
Q

Propanal/propionaldehyde is what type of molecule?

42
Q

Describe the structure of alkanes

A

Simple hydrocarbons: CnH(2n+2)

43
Q

What is the prefix for alkyl halides?

A

fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo

44
Q

Describe the structure of alkenes

A

Carbon-carbon double bonds

45
Q

Describe the structure of alkynes

A

Carbon-Carbon triple bonds

46
Q

Describe the structure of alcohols

A

carbon chain with a hydroxyl (-OH) group:

R-C-OH

47
Q

The ___ group gets priority

A

most oxidized

48
Q

Ethanol/ethyl alcohol is what type of molecule

49
Q

2-propanol/isopropyl alcohol is what type of molecule?

50
Q

Alcohols with 2 hydroxyl groups are called ____

A

Diols or glycols

51
Q

Define geminal diol

A

An alcohol with two hydroxyl groups on the same carbon

52
Q

Define vicinal diol

A

An alcohol with two hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbons

53
Q

Geminal diols are also called _____

54
Q

Why aren’t hydrates/geminal diols commonly seen

A

Because they spontaneously dehydrate to form carbonyl compounds with the functional group C=O

MCAT (13 decks)

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