Organic Chemistry (C) Flashcards
what are the first four hydrocarbons
-methane
-ethane
-propane
-butane
what is a hydrocarbon
molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms only
what is crude oil
finite resource
remains of ancient biomass like planktons burried in the mud in rocks
filled with compounds like hydrocarbons
general formula of alkanes
CnH2n+2
what are saturated bonds
single bonds c-c
what are unsaturated bonds
double bonds c=c
what is incomplete combustion
when the fuel doesn’t burn properly and doesn’t have enough oxygen, it forms carbon monoxide, carbon, soot/particulates
fractional distillation
-crude oil is a mix of hydrocarbons
-F>D used to separate crude coil into more useful substances
-Difference sized hydrocarbons have different boiling points
-crude oil is heated in fractionating columns, hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top
-vapour rises up the column and condenses when cool enough
-liquid is collected at the different columns
hydrocarbon properties
- low bpt at the top, flammable, low viscosity
-high bpt at bottom, not so flammable, high viscosity
pollutants made from burning fuels
-carbon dioxide
-carbon monoxide
-particulates
-nitrogen oxide
-sulphur dioxide
issues pollutants make
CO2 - global warming
CO - death
Particulates - global dimming
NO - acid rain + respiratory issues
SO2 - acid rain + respiratory issues
what are alkenes
unsaturated hydrocarbons
what are alkanes
saturated hydrocarbons
general formula for alkenes
CnH2n
first four alkenes
ethene
pentene
butene
propene
how to detect alkenes and alkanes
(bromine water)
orange bromine water added to alkene will go colourless
orange bromine water added to alkane will stay the same
two types of cracking
Catalytic cracking - adding a catalyst + high temp
Steam cracking - increasing temperature + steam
what is cracking
process of breaking down hydrocarbons to gain smaller and more useful molecules
what does cracking make?
ENE and ANE
Alkenes and Alkanes
difference with alkanes and alkenes
alkenes are unsaturated, alkanes are saturated
alkenes are more reactive and are more useful
why do we crack hydrocarbons
because we have more larger hydrocarbon chains which aren’t as useful as the smaller hydrocarbon chains
