Organic Chemistry Basics

Question 1

what are the exceptions for organic chemistry

Answer 1

CO
CO2
CO3^2-
HCO^3-

Question 2

molecular formula for a carbonate anion

Answer 2

CO3^2-

Question 3

molecular formula for a hydrogen carbonate anion

Answer 3

HCO3-

Question 4

what type of bonding is used in methane

Answer 4

covalent

Question 5

2 features of the BONDING in methane

Answer 5

symmetric arrangement around carbon atom

C-H bonds have a high bond enthalpy

Question 6

what is the definition of a hydrocarbon

Answer 6

contains ONLY hydrogen and carbon

Question 7

define saturated and unsaturated

Answer 7

saturated- all single bonds

unsaturated - some double bonds

Question 8

define aromatic

Answer 8

contains a BENZENE RING

Question 9

define aliphatic

Answer 9

DOESNT contains benzene ring

Question 10

define alicyclic

Answer 10

doesn’t contain a benzene ring but contains a RING

Question 11

are alkenes aromatic, aliphatic or alicyclic

Answer 11

aliphatic / alicyclic

Question 12

general formula of ALIPHATIC alkanes

Answer 12

CnH2n+2

Question 13

general molecular formula of ALICYCLIC alkanes

Answer 13

CnH2n

Question 14

what is a homologous series

Answer 14

a group of chemicals with the same general formula

each member differs from the past by -CH2-

Question 15

give the definition of molecular formula

Answer 15

shows the ACTUAL number of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 16

how are alkanes named

Answer 16

the suffix- ANE

Question 17

what is the definition of empirical formula

Answer 17

it shows the SIMPLES WHOLE number ration of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 18

what is the STRUCTURAL formula

Answer 18

shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule e.g. Ch3Ch3

Question 19

what is the DISPLAYED formula

Answer 19

a diagram of all the bonds in a molecule

Question 20

what is the skeletal formula

Answer 20

it only shows the carbon BACKBONE

Question 21

what is a FUNCTIONAL GROUP

Answer 21

atoms/atom groups that replace one of the H atoms on a carbon chain

Question 22

what is an ISOMER

Answer 22

molecules that have the same molecular formula, but have different arrangements of atoms (different structure)

Question 23

what is the main use of alkanes

Answer 23

fuels (we don’t use methane because it’s TOO VOLATILE)

Question 24

what does the COMPLETE combustion of a hydrocarbon give

Answer 24

carbon dioxide + water

Question 25

3 similarities between complete and incomplete combustion

Answer 25

both exothermic
needs fuel
needs O2

Question 26

difference between complete and incomplete combustion

Answer 26

i’m incomplete combustion there ISNT ENOUGH OXYGEN so carbon monoxide and soot (carbon) is produced

Question 27

which one has a higher boiling point? long chain alkenes or short chain

Answer 27

long chains have a higher boiling point

Question 28

what is responsible for long chain alkanes having a high boiling point.

Answer 28

• stronger INTERmolecular forces

* more energy is required to move them apart - this makes them LESS VOLATILE and LESS FLAMMABLE

Question 29

what is the SIMPLEST form of hydrocarbon

Answer 29

alkanes

Question 30

are alkanes reactive or unreactive , strong bonds or weak bonds

Answer 30

• unreactive

* strong bonds

Question 31

reaction for complete combustion of ethane

Answer 31

ethane + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

Question 32

products of incomplete combustion

Answer 32

carbon monoxide, carbon (soot), water

Question 33

why are the products of incomplete combustion problematic

Answer 33

C0 is a poisonous gas, this can be absorbed in the kings, bind to haemoglobin in RBC, reducing capacity of the blood to transport 02

Question 34

what is the relationship between supply and demand of hydrocarbons

Answer 34

HIGH DEMAND for short chain hydrocarbons

LOW SUPPLY for short chain hydrocarbons