Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Seven prefix

Answer 1

Hept

Question 2

If neeedidng to name halogens in order, what order do you use?

Answer 2

Alphabetically

Question 3

Ring structure

Answer 3

Cyclo

Question 4

Alkane functional group and general formula

Answer 4

C-C

CnH2n+2

Question 5

Alkene functional group and general formula

Answer 5

Double carbon bond

CnH2n

Question 6

Alcohol

Answer 6

Ol

OH

Question 7

Carboxylicic acid

Answer 7

Oicada

C=O-OH

Question 8

Ketone

Answer 8

C-C=c-c

Question 9

FIND THE LONGEST CHAIN

Answer 9

NO GROUP ON ONE EVER!!

Question 10

Structural isomerism

Answer 10

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 11

Three types of isomerism and explain

Answer 11

Chain = different carbon backbone
Functional group = different functional group
Position = same functional group, different position

Question 12

Stereoisomers

Answer 12

Molecules with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 13

E/Z isomerism criteria

Answer 13

C=C bond which restricts rotation

Each carbon on C=C must have two different groups attached

Question 14

Cis/trans isomerism is a form of E/Z isomerism where

Answer 14

They have a group in common

Question 15

Z is for

Answer 15

Zusammen = together

When both heavier groups are in the same direction (either up or down)

Question 16

E is for

Answer 16

Entgeben = alone

Where both the heavier groups are diagonal

Question 17

Trans is

Answer 17

Trans = different

Same group is in opposite directions

Question 18

Cis is

Answer 18

Cis = same

Same group in the same direction

Question 19

E/Z priority is based on

Answer 19

Atomic number

Question 20

Hydrocarbon is

Answer 20

Molecule containing carbon and hydrogen only

Question 21

Homologous series are

Answer 21

Molecules with the same functional group, general formula and each successive member differs by general formula

Question 22

Functional group

Answer 22

Part of a molecule that controls how it reacts

Question 23

Allanes are ———— hydrocarbons

Answer 23

Saturated no C=C bonds

Question 24

Albanés are reactive or un reactive and why

Answer 24

I reactive = gave no polar bonds, only strong ones throughout

Question 25

Complete combustion of alkanres form

Answer 25

CO2 and H2O

Question 26

Incomplete combustion of alkanes can produce

Answer 26

CO toxic gas Water Carbon particulates that cause breathing problems NO (any oxide) and SO2 can cause acid rain I burnt hydrocarbons

Question 27

Alaines are fuels and come from

Answer 27

Crude oil

Question 28

How do we separate alkanes

Answer 28

Fractional distillation = separation by boiling point

Question 29

Two methods of turning less useful fractions into more useful fractions that burn more efficiently

Answer 29

``` Cracking = breaking larger hydrocarbons into smaller ones Reforming = turning long chains into branched or cyclic rings ```

Question 30

Catalytic converter purpose

Answer 30

Used in cars to convert some of these harmful products of incomplete combustion of alkanes into safer substances

Question 31

Catalytic converters use a catalyst - what three elements?

Answer 31

Platinum Palladium Rhodium

Question 32

For equation wiht catalytic converter

Answer 32

Change harmful stuff put catalyst on top of arrows and form CO2 and nitrogen gas for example

Question 33

Alternative fuels

Answer 33

Made from renewable resources such as biofuel or alcohoks from sugars Saves crude oil which is running out Approximate carbon neutral because fewer greenhouse gases But large amounts of Land needed to grow crops so deforestation or snatching land used for substinance farming

Question 34

Branched chains mean

Answer 34

Less surface contacten so weaker London forces hence more energy needed to break the bonds

Question 35

Free radicals are

Answer 35

Species with an unpaired electron

Question 36

How are free radicals formed and explain

Answer 36

Homolytic fission = when a bond breaks evenly and each atoms gets one electron forming radicals by UV light

Question 37

Mechanism of free radical substitution explain all steps

Answer 37

Initiation = create halogen radicals by passing through UV Propagation one: one halogen radical with hydrocarbon creates HX (eg HBr or HI) and hydrocarbon radical with one less hydrogen Propagation two: hydrocarbon radical and halogen (Br2 for example) react to form the end product and halogen radical Termination: two halogen radicals combine, two hydrocarbon radicals combine (double the structure), and one hydrocarbon radical and one halogen racial combine to form end product

Question 38

Free radicals goes for which bond in hydrocarbon

Answer 38

Breaks of a hydrogen

Question 39

Why is free radical substitution not an efficient way of making a given halogenalkane

Answer 39

Lots of termination products (waste) Longer chains may form different isomers to product wanted Multi substitution can occur

Question 40

Electrophiles are

Answer 40

Electron pair acceptors

Question 41

Nucleophiles are

Answer 41

Electron pair donor

Question 42

Alkanes are —— hydrocarbons

Answer 42

Unsaturated c=c

Question 43

Sigma bond is

Answer 43

End on overlap of ss sp or pp

Question 44

Pi bonds are only found in double and triple bonds and Ade

Answer 44

Sideways overlap of two p orbitals

Question 45

In a double bond there are what types of bonds

Answer 45

One sigma and one pi

Question 46

In a triple bond there are what types of bonds

Answer 46

One sigma | Two pi

Question 47

Is a pi bond or sigma bond weaker and why

Answer 47

Pi bond due to a higher electron density?

Question 48

Alkanes are —— and attract electrophiles or nucleophiles

Answer 48

Reactive Electrophiles Region of high electron density in pi bond hence max repulsion