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Chemistry - jay cully > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

how many bonds does carbon always form?

A

4

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2
Q

what does the molecular formula tell us?

A

the actual number of each atom

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3
Q

what does the structural formula tell us?

A

how the atoms are bonded to each other

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4
Q

what are four properties of a homologous series?

A

a group of compounds that:

  • have the same general formula
  • have similar chemical properties
  • have a gradation in their physical properties
  • differs by a CH2 group
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5
Q

what is a hydrocarbon?

A

a compound made up of only hydrogen and carbon

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6
Q

name the fractions produced in fractional distillation of crude oil

A

refinery gas, petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, bitumen

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7
Q

define cracking

A

the breakdown of large, saturated hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful hydrocarbons

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8
Q

what does saturated mean?

A

it doesn’t contain any C=C Bonds

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9
Q

what is a functional group?

A

the reactive part of a molecule

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10
Q 
what does \_\_\_\_\_ mean?
meth
eth 
prop
but
A 
the compound contains \_\_\_\_\_\_ carbon atom/s
1
2
3
4
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11
Q 
what are the endings for 
alkanes
alkenes
alcohols
carboxylic acids
A
  • ane
  • ene
  • ol
  • oic acid
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12
Q

what is the full definition of alkanes?

what is the general formula?

A

a family of saturated hydrocarbons that do not have a functional group and are therefore less reactive
CnH2n+2

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13
Q

what is the state of the first four alkanes at room temp and pressure?

A

gas

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14
Q

what do alkanes burn in a plentiful supply to form?

what do alkanes burn in a limited supply to form

A

carbon dioxide and water

carbon monoxide + water + soot

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15
Q

give a full definition of alkenes?

what is the general formula?

A

they are a family of unsaturated hydrocarbons, they have the C=C functional group and are therefore more reactive than alkanes
CnH2n

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16
Q

what is the state of the first four alkenes at room temp and pressure?

A

gas

17
Q

what is an alkene?

A

an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon

18
Q

what do alkenes react with plentiful supply of oxygen to form?

A

carbon dioxide and water

19
Q

ethene + steam ->

A

ethanol

20
Q

how do you carry out an addition reaction between ethene and bromine water, what is the colour change `

A

add bromine water to an alkene and mix

brown to colourless

21
Q

ethene + hydrogen ->

what conditions are required

A

ethane

the presence of a finely divided nickel catalyst at 150 c

22
Q

how is a polymer formed

A

formed from lots of small alkene molecules (monymers) joined together

23
Q

what is addition polymerisation?

A

small molecules join together to form a long chain molecule

24
Q

what is fermentation used for and describe the process

A

sugars are dissolved in solution, in the presence of yeast, ata warm temperature (not above 37) in the absence of oxygen.
glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide

25
Q

what do alkanes, alkenes and alcohols react in excess oxygen to form

A

carbon dioxide and water

26
Q

what do alkanes, alkenes and alcohols react in a limited supply of oxygen to form?

A

carbon monoxide, soot and water

27
Q

why are carboxylic acids weak acids

A

because they only partially ionise in water

28
Q

what do carboxylic acids produce

A

salts ending in -oate

29
Q 
what is the formula for 
methanoate 
ethanoate 
propanoate 
butanoate
A

HCOO
CH3COO
C2H5COO
C3H7COO

30
Q

acid + metal =
acid + base/alkali =
acid + metal carbonate =

A

salt + hydrogen
salt + water
sale + carbon dioxide + water

31
Q

what is used to test for alkenes

A

bromine water, brown to colourless

32
Q

what is used to test for alcohol

A

acidified potassium dichromate

orange to green

33
Q

what is used to test for carboxylic acid

A

solid sodium carbonate, fizzes

magnesium. fizess

34
Q

l

A

l

35
Q

what do methanol, ethanol and prop-1-anol oxidise to form

A

carboxylic acids

36
Q

how can alcohols be oxidised

A

by air and by acidified potassium dichromate

Chemistry - jay cully (6 decks)

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