2.1 metals and reactivity series

Question 1

what happens to metals when they react?

Answer 1

They lose their outer shell electron/s to form positive ions
e.g Na -> Na+ + e- (this is a half equation)

Question 2

why are group 1 elements the most reactive?

Answer 2

they only have to lose one electron to form positive ions

Question 3

reactivity _____ as you go down group 1

Answer 3

increases

Question 4

why does reactivity increase down group 1?

Answer 4

the outer electron is further away from the nucleus and therefore is less attracted

Question 5

why are group 2 elements less reactive than group 1 elements? x2

Answer 5

• they have to loose 2 electrons

- atoms are smaller

Question 6

what do metals react with air to form?

give an example

Answer 6

metal oxides

e.g calcium + oxygen -> calcium oxide

Question 7

what colour of flame does potassium burn with and what is formed?

Answer 7

lilac flame

white solid

Question 8

what colour of flame does sodium burn with and what is formed

Answer 8

yellow flame

white solid

Question 9

what colour of flame does calcium burn with and what is formed

Answer 9

brick red

white solid

Question 10

what colour of flame does magnesium burn with and what is formed

Answer 10

white flame

white solid

Question 11

when does aluminium burn and what is formed

Answer 11

burns when powder

white solid

Question 12

what is observed and produced when zinc burns

Answer 12

it burns

solid formed is yellow when hot, white when cold

Question 13

what do iron filings burn with and what is observed

Answer 13

burn with sparks

black solid formed

Question 14

what colour does copper turn when burning and what colour is the flame. what is formed

Answer 14

glows red and flame is blue/green

black solid formed

Question 15

what do metals react with water to form?

give an example

Answer 15

metal hydroxide + Hydrogen

e.g potassium + water -> potassium hydroxide +hydrogen

Question 16

Why are potassium and sodium stored in oil?

Answer 16

so they dont react with air

Question 17

what is produced when a metal is reacted with steam?

give an example

Answer 17

metal oxide (not hydroxide) and hydrogen
magnesium + steam -> magnesium oxide + hydrogen

Question 18

what does damp mineral wool do?

Answer 18

it gives off steam when heated

Question 19

what is a displacement reaction?

Answer 19

a reaction in which a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal ion from its solution

Question 20

what colour is copper (II) sulfate and what can it be used to test for?

Answer 20

blue

test for displacement reactions

Question 21

list the reactivity series in order from most reactive to least reactive

Answer 21

Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Copper

Question 22

what is an -ore

Answer 22

a rock from which a metal can be extracted from the metal compound

Question 23

what are the two main methods of extraction?

Answer 23

• reduction using carbon

- electrolysis

Question 24

why is phytomining used?

Answer 24

because earths resources of metal ores are limited

Question 25

describe the process of phytomining

Answer 25

• plants are used to absorb metal compounds such as
  copper (II) compounds
• the plants are harvested, then burnt to produce ash, which contains the metal compounds
• an acid is added to the ash to produce a solution
  containing dissolved metal compounds
• copper can be obtained from these solutions by
  displacement using scrap iron

Question 26

what are advantages of phytomining? x2

Answer 26

• less noise and dust pollution

- less destructive for the enviroment

Question 27

what are disadvantages of phytomining? x2

Answer 27

• seasonal

- slow process