Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

chemistry unit 5 > organic chemistry > Flashcards

organic chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon is a molecule made up of only hydrogen + carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why type of bonds do alkanes have?

A

single covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the alkane formula

A

CnH2n+2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how many bonds can carbon form?

A

4 bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is CH4 called ?

A

methane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a homologous series?

A

a group of hydrocarbons with a similar function group and therefore similar properties e.g alkAnes, alkEnes, alcOHOLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the first 6 alkanes

A 
1= methane 
2= ethane
3=propane
4=butane
5=pentane
6=hexane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a structural isomer?

A

molecules that have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula i.e the order the atoms are connected to the chain is differnt.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the longer the hydrocarbon the_____ the surface area

A

bigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the larger the surface area the______ the number of intermolecular forces.

A

higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the greater the number of intermolecular forces the _____ the energy required to break them.

A

higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the more energy required to break the intermolecular forces the ____ boiling point

A

higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what type of bond is present in an alkene

A

a double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the general formula for an alkene ?

A

CnH2n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

if the double bond was on the first carbon of an alkene with 4 carbons what would you name it?

A

but-1-ene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

are alkanes saturated and why?

A

alkanes are saturated because every spare bond is attached to a hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

are alkenes saturated and why?

A

alkenes unsaturated because they contain a double bond and therefore have less carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is a symmetric alkene?

A

semetric alkenes have the same groups on each side of a double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is an asymmetric alkene

A

asymmetric alkenes have different groups on each side of the double bond.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is a geometric isomer in an alkene ?

A

geometric isomers is where there are the same groups on each side of them double bond however they have a different arrangement.

  • this is because the double bond does not rotate
  • same structural formula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is a cis geometric isomer ?

A

cis is where the alkene has matching groups on the same side of the bond (if you draw out the skeletal formula it makes a c shape)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is a trans geometric formula?

A

trans is where the matching groups are on opposite sides of the bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

z

A
  • together

‘zame zide’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

E

A

separate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

tetrahedral , area of electron density and angle

A

4 and 109.5 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

trigonal planar ,area of electron density and angle

A

3 and 120

27
Q

linear ,area of electron density and angle

A

2 and 180

28
Q

where are sigma bond found and what are they

A

they are found in alkanes (single bonds)

29
Q

which is the strongest, sigma or pi bonds?

A

sigma bond because there is a greater overlap

30
Q

which is shortest a double bond or a single bond

A

a single bond

31
Q

electrophile

A

a molecule or atom which is attracted to a negative charge and can accept a lone pair of electrons to form a covalent bond

32
Q

electrophilic addition

A

atoms or ions are added across the bond. no atoms are lost. this can happen because the carbon is double bonded
double bond opens up to allow a molecule to join on.

33
Q

carbocation

A

ion with a positively charged carbon atom

34
Q

polarised

A

when a molecule becomes positive at one end and negative at the other

35
Q

curly arrow

A

shows the movement of an electron pair

36
Q

what is a stable carbocation

A

a carbon cation which is attached to the most carbon atoms (has the most electrons donated)

37
Q

what do alkyl groups do? (carbon groups)

A

they have an electron donating effect

38
Q

electron configuration

A

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d

39
Q

p orbitals

A

2px 2py 2pz

40
Q

max electrons in s

A

2

41
Q

max electrons p holds

A

6

42
Q

max electrons d holds

A

10

43
Q

Each hybrid orbital contains 2 electrons ready for bonding

true or false

A

true

44
Q

Each hybrid orbital contains 2 electrons ready for bonding

true or false

A

false only 1

45
Q

P orbitals that are not hybridised can overlap to form pi bonds

true or false

A

true

46
Q

The number of hybrid orbitals formed is always 1 more than the number of orbitals used

true or false

A

false, the same number

47
Q

The superscript in sp3 tells you the number of s orbitals used to make the hybrid orbital.

true or false

A

false the p orbitals

48
Q

Carbons with 3 areas of electron density form linear shapes.

true or false

A

false trigonal planar

49
Q

how many orbitals in a tetrahedral molecule

hybridisation

A

one of the s orbitals and three of the p orbitals combine to form four hybrid sp orbitals

making 4 sigma bonds

50
Q

how many orbitals in a trigonal planar molecule

hybridisation

A

one of the s orbitals and two of the p orbitals combine to form three hybrid sp2 orbitals
creating 3 sigma bonds.

51
Q

how many orbitals in a linear molecule

hybridisation

A

one of the s orbitals and one of the p orbitals combine to form 2 hybrid sp orbitals creating 2 sigma bonds

52
Q

What are the prefixes for branched alkanes with a chain length of 1 - 4 carbons? Eg methyl, …

A

ethyl propyl butyl

53
Q

What is a cycloalkane?

A

alkanes that have carbon atoms attached in a ring.

54
Q

how do you test for an alkene ?

A

bromine water

55
Q

What is electron pair repulsion theory?

A

The principle that electron pairs around a central atom tend to orient themselves as far apart as possible.

56
Q

what are the three steps of a free radical ?

A

initiation, propagation, termination

57
Q

conditions for free radical substitution

A

needs uv light to start the reaction (initiation stage)

58
Q

What is heterolytic (bond) fission?

A

the breaking of a covalent bond in such a way that one atom gets both of the shared electrons
- creates a + and a - ion

59
Q

What is homolytic (bond) fission?

A

Homolytic fission is where each atom of the bond keeps an electron each resulting in species called free radicals

60
Q

What is a polymer?

A

a long chain molecule that is formed from small molecules linking together

61
Q

What is the name for the mechanism for making polymers?

A

polymerization

62
Q

What is cracking?

A

Cracking is a reaction in which larger saturated hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules

63
Q

What are the two types of cracking?

A

Catalytic cracking uses a temperature of approximately 550°C and a catalyst known as a zeolite which contains aluminium oxide and silicon oxide.
Steam cracking uses a higher temperature of over 800°C and no catalyst.

chemistry unit 5 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions