Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > Organic chemistry > Flashcards

Organic chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is organic chemistry about?

A

it is about compounds that contain carbon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

any compound that is formed from carbon and hydrogen atoms only.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the simpliest type of hydrocarbon you can get?

A

Alkanes, they have a general forumla of C n H 2n+2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What makes alkanes a homologous series?

A

they are a group of organic compounds that react in a similar way.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is it called when each carbon atoms forms four single covalent bonds ( alkanes)?

A

saturated compounds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the first four alkanes?

A

methane,ethane,propane,butane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens as the length of the carbon chain changes?

A

the properties of the hydrocarbon changes

the shorter - the more runny it is - low boiling points,flammable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A fossil fuel.formed from the remains of plants and animals, mainly plankton , died millions of years ago and burried in mud.finite resources.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you seperature the different compounds in crude oil?

A

fractional distillation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does fractional distillation work?

A

Page 76

1) the oil is heated until most is turned into gas.gasses enter a fractionating colume.
2) in the column, theres a temperature gradient
3) longer hydrocarbons have high boiling points.condense back into liquids and drain out of the column near the bottom.shorter ones condense and drain out near the top.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Uses of crude oil?

A

1) fuel for most modern transport : cars, trains,planes

2) all products you get from crude oil are organic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does cracking mean?

A

splitting up long chain hydrocarbons,

breaking molecules down by heating them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Good things about short chain hydrocarbons.

A

flammable so make good fuels and are high in demand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bad things about long chain hydrocarbons.

A

forms thick gloopy liquids like tar, not useful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

different methods of cracking.

A

1)heat long chain hydrocarbons to vaportise them
vapour is passed over a hot powdered alumininium oxide catalyst
molecules split apart on the surface of the specks of catalyst-catalytic cracking
2)vapourise, mix them with steam and then heat them to a very high temperature - Steam cracking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are alkenes?

A

hydrocarbons which have double bond between two of the carbon atoms in their chain.

17
Q

What bond do alkenes have?

A

C=C Double bond,
alkenes have two fewer hydrogens compared with alkanes containing the same number of carboin atoms- making them unsaturated.

18
Q

What can incomplete combustion result in?

A

smoky yellow flame and less energy being released.

sometimes carbon and carbon monoxide can be produced-poisonous gas.

19
Q

Alkenes react via addition reactions

A

the carbon carbon double bond will open up to leave a single bond and a new atom is added to each carbon

20
Q

What is the addition of hydrogen known as?

A

hydrogenation

hydrogen can react with the double bonded carbons to open up the double and form the equivalent bond,saturated , alkane

21
Q

What does steam react with alkenes to form?

A

alchohols.
when reacted with steam,water is added across the bond and an alcohol is formed.
For example, ethanol can be made by mixing ethene with steam and then passing it over a catalyst.

22
Q

What is a functional group?

A

a group of atoms in a molecule that determines how that molecule typically reacts.

23
Q

What are polymers?

A

long molecules formed when lots of small molecules called monomers join together - polymerisation

24
Q

How to draw repeating unit of a polymer

A

page 80

25
Q

what is the naming system for alcohols?

A

same as alaknes - but replace the final ‘-e’ with ‘-ol’

26
Q

What do the first four alcohols have similar in properties?

A

flammable
soluble in water
oxidised by reacting with oxygen to produce a carboxylic acid.
different alcohols form different carboxylic acids.

27
Q

what are carboxylic acids?

A

homologous series of compounds that all have ‘-COOH’ as a functional group.name starts with -anoic acid , and normally starts with -meth/eth/prop/but

28
Q

How do carboxylic acids react?

A

with carbonates to produce a salt,water and carbon dioxide. salts formed end in - anoate.
dissolve in water,then ionise and realse H+ ions resultsing in an acidic solution

29
Q

condensation polymers page 83

A

83

30
Q

what two different functional groups do amino acids have?

A

aimno group, carboxyl group.

31
Q

example of amoni acid

A

glycine, the smallest and simpliest amino acid possible

32
Q

Naturally occuring polymers page 84

A

84

Chemistry (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions