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Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A group of compounds that can all be represented by the same gen formula same chemi properties, differ by Ch2 amd have similar physical properties

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2
Q

What are alkanes?

A

Hydrocarbons which have single bonds only

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3
Q

Whatvare alkenes.

A

Hydrocarbons which contain a double bonf

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4
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Hydrocarbons are compounds which contain c and H o ly

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5
Q

What is a functional group?

A

This is a group of atoms responsible for the charcteristics reactions of a particular compound

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6
Q

What is the functional group of Alkanes?

A

C-C

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7
Q

What is the functional group of Alkene,

A

C–C

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8
Q

What does aturated mean?

A

Contains a single bond only

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9
Q

What is the general formula for Alkane and Alkene

A

Alkane: Cn H2n + 2
Alkene: Cn H2n

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10
Q

What does the molecular fodmula show us

A

It shows us the number of each element in a compound

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11
Q

What is the empirical formula?

A

Shows us the simplest whole bumber ratio of a compound

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12
Q

What is an isomer?

A

An isomer is somehing that has the same molecular formula but a different displayed formula

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13
Q

What is a substiution reaction?

A

A rraction which involves one atom being supplied for another

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14
Q

What condition must there be for a substituiton reaction

A

Uv Light

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15
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

An addition reaction is where one metal connects with another molecule to produce only one product.

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16
Q

Test for alkanes and alkenes?

A

Add bromine water. Alkanes stay orange, Alkenes become decolourised

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17
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A mixture of hydrocarbon of different chainlenghts

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18
Q

When is crude oil not useful

A

When it is a black liquid

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19
Q

How does fractional distilliation of Crude oil work

A

Oil is vaporised by heating. Passed into tower at the bottom column (hotter at bottom than top). Hydrocarbons cool and condense as they rise as they have different boiling points. The smaller the molecile the higher up the tower they reach.

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20
Q

What are fractions?

A

Mixture of hydrocarbons

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21
Q

Does the flamibillity inceease as the size of the hydrocarbon increase

A

The flamibillity does not increase as the size of the Hc increases

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22
Q

Does the cleaniliness of the flame increase as the size of the hydrocarbon increase

A

No

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23
Q

Does the Viscosity increase as the size of the hyrocarbon increases?

A

Yes

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24
Q

What are the Fractions of Hydrocarbons from small to big? and Uses?

A 
Refinery Gases - Bottled Gas
Gasoline - Cars
Kerosene - Jet Fuel
Diesel - Lorries
Fuel Oil- Ships 
Bitumen - Roads
25
Q

What is Catlytic Cracking?

A

Involves Breaking down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller molecules

26
Q

What two things do Catalytic Cracking need?

A

Heat and Catalysts

27
Q

What are the conditions needed for Catalytic Cracking?

A

SIlica

600-700 C’

28
Q

Reasons for using catalysts?

A

Produces mixtures of shorter chained hydrocarbons
more useful and more demand
Also Produces Alkanes
Used to make Polymers

29
Q

What is Combustion?

A

Combustion is the process of burning a fuel to produce thermal energy

30
Q

Complete Combustion

A

When there is enough oxygen available

31
Q

Fuel + Oxygen

A

Carbon Dioxide + Water

32
Q

Methane + OXygen

A

Carbon Dioxide + Water

33
Q

Test for water

A 
Anhydrous Copper Sulfate 
White to Blue
Also
Limewater 
Colourless to Cloudy
34
Q

Fuel + Oxygen

When there isn’t enough Oxygen

A

Carbon Monoxide + Water (and also soot (Carbon))

35
Q

Why is Carbon Monoxide dangerous?

A

Reduces the capacity of blood to carry oxygen

Poisonous/toxic

36
Q

How can we get rid of Carbon Monide within our body?

A

Replace Blood

Wait for old blood cells to die and produce new ones

37
Q

H2O
How is it formed
Problems
Solutions

A

Combustion containing Hydrogen
N/a
N/a

38
Q

SO2
How is it formed?
Problems
Solutions

A 
When Sulfur reacts with Oxygen to make Sulfur Dioxide which reacts with the atmosphere to produce Sulfuric Acid
Acid Rain
Removing Sulfur from fuels
Catalytic Converters for Cars
Scrubbing
39
Q

NO/NO2
How is it formed
Problems
Soultions?

A

When nitrogen reacts with oxygen to produce nitrogen oxide and then reacts with the atmosphere to produce sulfuric acid
Acid Rain
Scrubbing Gases from power stations and factories

40
Q

Unburned Fuels
How is it Formed
Problems
Solution?

A

When fuels aren’t burnt
Wastes fuel and some fuels may be greenhouse gases
Make sure engine is well tuned

41
Q

Co2
How Formed
Problems
Solutions

A

Produced from the combustion of hydrocarbons
Traps heat radiated from the Earth’s surface
Less COmbustion of Fossil Fuels

42
Q

Co
How produced
Problems
Solutions

A

From incomplete combuction
Poisonous and toxic
Make sure there is a good supply of oxygen (good supply of air)

43
Q

C
How is it formed
Problems
Solutions

A

From Incomplete Combustion
Diziness/ Poisonous, Global DImming, Blackened Buildings
Make sure there is enough Oxygen

44
Q

Problems with acid rain?

A

Denatures plants
Kills trees and fish
Buildings corrode

45
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A small simple molecule

46
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A polymer is a large, long chained molecule, made from lots of monomers joined together

47
Q

When does Addition Polymerisation occur?

A

When many monomers join together to forma long chained molecule. Polymers require no other products as well as high pressure and catalysts

48
Q

Uses of Polyethene? (Low density)

A

pACKAGING

49
Q

Use of Polyethene (High Density) ?

A

Acts as Chemical Barriers

50
Q

Uses of PolyPropene?

A

Crates,Ropes and Carpets

51
Q

Uses of Polychloroethene?

A

Insulation for electrical wires, windows and pipes.

52
Q

Uses of Polytetrafluorene?

A

Non Sticking coat for pans, container for laboratory substances

53
Q

Problems of Adddition Polymers?

A

Toxis
Non Biodegradable
Inert

54
Q

What does Non Biodegradable mean?

A

Cannot be broken down naturally

55
Q

Disposal Methods?

A

Landfill

Incineration

56
Q

Advantages of Landfill?

A

No greenhouse gases or toxic gases produced

Cheap

57
Q

Disadvantages of Landfill?

A

Ugly, Smelly, Noisy, and no one wants to live there
uses large amounts of area
Waste will be there for a long ti

58
Q

Advantages of Incineration?

A

Requires Litlle space

Can produce heat fpr local home/offices and or electricity

59
Q

Disadvantages of Incineration?

A

Expensive to Build and maintain
Produces Greenhouse Gases
Releases Toxic Gases
Ash produced goes to landfill sites

Chemistry (8 decks)

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