organic chemistry

Question 1

what shape is formed when carbon is covalently bonded to 4 other atoms ?

Answer 1

a tetrahedral shape.

Question 2

what is a functional group ?

Answer 2

group of atoms which are responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound.

Question 3

what is a homologous series ?

Answer 3

group of compounds which have the same general formula.

Question 4

a the length of carbon chain increases ..

Answer 4

the influence of the functional group on the compounds’s properties decreases.

Question 5

what do all members of homologous series have in common ?

Answer 5

• same general formula
• show graduation in physical properties
• have the same functional group
• differ from successive members by a CH2 group.

Question 6

what is a molecular formula ?

Answer 6

shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound
Eg - C3H6, C5H10

Question 7

what is displayed formula ?

Answer 7

shows all atoms and all covalent bonds for a compound.

Question 8

what is a structural formula ?

Answer 8

shows arrangement of carbon by carbon with attached hydrogen and functional group.each carbon is written separately with it’s attached atoms.
Eg - CH3CH2CH2OH, CH3C(OH)HCH3

Question 9

what is an empirical formula ?

Answer 9

simplest whole number ratio of the atom of each element in a compound.
Eg - C4H10 = C2H5
C4H8O2 = C2H4O

Question 10

what is a skeletal formula ?

Answer 10

abbreviated diagrammatic description of a compound.
they are bare stick like drawings.
doesn’t show carbon or hydrogen atoms but do show other atoms for example - oxygen, nitrogen, etc.

Question 11

what is general formula ?

Answer 11

type of empirical formula that represents the composition of of any member of a homologous series.
Eg- for alkanes it is - CnH2n+2 (n is the no. of carbon atom)

Question 12

number of carbon atoms :

meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non and dec ?

Answer 12

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10

Question 13

what is prefix for halogen ?

Answer 13

Eg - bromo for bromine
iodo for iodine
chloro for chlorine
fluoro for fluorine .

Question 14

what is the prefix used when a atoms are arranged in circular way ?

Answer 14

cyclo

Question 15

suffix for a functional group :

Answer 15

COOH = -oic acid
COO = -oate
COCl = -oyl chloride
CN = -nitrile
COH = -al
CO = -one
OH = -ol
NH2 = -amine
CX = -chloro, bromo, etc (X is a halogen)

Question 16

what are structural isomers ?

Answer 16

compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula.

Question 17

what is chain isomerism ?

Answer 17

when there is more than one way of arranging carbon atoms in the longest chain.

Question 18

what is positional isomerism ?

Answer 18

isomers that have same carbon chain and same functional group but it is attached at different points along the carbon chain.

Question 19

what is functional group isomerism ?

Answer 19

compounds with same molecular formula that have different functional group .