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A level Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

chiral

A

an atom in a molecule that allows it to exist as non-superimposable forms. it can also refer to the molecule itself

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2
Q

asymmetric

A

a carbon atom in a molecule that is joined to four different atoms or groups

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3
Q

enantiomers

A

isomers that are related as object and mirror image

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4
Q

optical activity

A

when a substance rotates the plane of polarisation of plane-polarised light

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5
Q

unpolarised light

A

has oscillations in all planes at right angles to the direction of travel

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6
Q

polarimeter

A

the apparatus used to measure the angle of rotation caused by a substance

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7
Q

polariser

A

a material that converts unpolarised light into plane-polarised light

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8
Q

analyser

A

a material that allows plane-polarised light to pass through it

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9
Q

racemic mixture

A

an equimolar mixture of two enantiomers that has no optical activity

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10
Q

bimolecular mechanism

A

has two species reacting in the rate determining step

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11
Q

unimolecular mechanism

A

has one species reacting in the rate determining step

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12
Q

nucleophilic addition

A

a type of mechanism in which a molecule containing two atoms or groups is added across a polar double bond (usually C=O). The attacking species in the first step is the nucleophile

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13
Q

Derivatives

A

compounds formed from other compounds, especially when the properties of the derivatives can be used to identify the original compound.

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14
Q

hydrolysis

A

the breaking of a compound by water into two compounds.

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15
Q

condensation polymerisation

A

the formation of a polymer, usually by reaction of two monomers, and in which a small molecule is formed.

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16
Q

aromatic

A

description of the bonding in a compound - delocalised electrons forming pi bonding in a hydrocarbon ring

17
Q

Halogen carrier

A

a catalyst that helps to introduce a halogen atom into a benzene ring

18
Q

basicity

A

the extent to which a base can donate a lone pair of electrons to the hydrogen atom of a water molecule

19
Q

addition elimination

A

occurs when two molecules join together, followed by the loss of a small molecules

20
Q

isoelectric point

A

the pH of an amino acid in a neutral aqueous solution

21
Q

zwitterion

A

a molecule containing positive and negative charges but which has no overall charge

22
Q

pepide bond

A

the bond formed by a condensation reaction between the carbonyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.

23
Q

stationary phase

A

in paper chromatography, this is the liquid or solid tat does not move

24
Q

mobile phase

A

in paper chromatography, this is the liquid tat moves through the stationary phase and transports the components

25
Q

High resolution mass spectrometry

A

a type of mass spectrometry that can produce Mr values with several decimal places, usually four or more.

26
Q

Nuclear Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

A

a technique used to find the structure of organic comounds. It depends on the ability of the nuclei to resonate in a magnetic field

27
Q

chemical shift

A

the number that indicates its behaviour in a magnetic field relative to tetramethylsilane. It can be used to identify the chemical environment of the carbon atoms or of the hydrogen atoms (protons) attached to it.

28
Q

chemical environments

A

chemical environments of carbon atoms in a molecule are related to whether the carbon atoms are identically or differently positioned within a molecule

29
Q

peak (H(1) NMR spectrum)

A

shows the presence of hydrogen atoms in a specific chemical environment

30
Q

integration trace

A

the relative numbers of equivalent protons

31
Q

Equivalent protons

A

hydrogen atoms in the same chemical environment

32
Q

Splitting pattern

A

the appearance of a peak as a small number of small sub-peaks very close to each other

33
Q

Multiplets

A

the different splitting patterns observed (singlets, doublets, triplets, quartets etc)

A level Chemistry (4 decks)

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