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Chemistry 101 COPY > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

How do you determine the base name of a hydrocarbon?

A

Using the longest chain.

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2
Q

Define Saturation.

A

A molecule that does not have the capacity to form more Carbon/Hydrogen bonds as it has only single bonds.

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3
Q

When is it not useful to use a skeletal structure?

A

When there are only 1 or 2 carbons, as there will only be a line (or nothing at all)

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4
Q

Should molecule names be capitalised?

A

No.

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5
Q

“Non” is the prefix for an organic compound with how many carbon atoms?

A

9

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6
Q

State one positive and one negative of using partially condensed structures?

A

Positive: Good for showing what is happening in a reaction

Negative: Not always practical with large molecules.

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7
Q

How do you represent molecules that cannot be effectively represented using condensed formulas?

A

Using skeletal structures.

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8
Q

Non-metals tend to bond using what form of bonding?

A

Covalent Bonding

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9
Q

What is the most important feature of a molecule to consider in organic chemistry?

A

Structure.

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10
Q

If chains of equal length are competing for selection as the parent chain, how do you chose which is named the parent chain?

A

The method of preferential choosing is:

a) the chain which has the greatest number of side chains.
b) the chain whose substituents have the lowest numbers.
c) the chain having the greatest number of carbon atoms in the smaller side chain.
d) the chain having the least-branched side chains.

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11
Q

What does the naming of constitutional isomers depend on?

A

The name of the branch.

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12
Q

How do you name a hydrocarbon with a cyclic ring?

A

It is designated the prefix “cyclo”, which appears directly in front of the base name.

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13
Q

What is the prefix for an organic compound containing 9 Carbon Atoms?

A

“Non”

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14
Q

What is the prefix for an organic compound containing 6 Carbon Atoms?

A

“Hex”

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15
Q

“Dec” if the prefix for an organic compound with how many carbon atoms?

A

10

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16
Q

What is the prefix for an organic compound containing 3 Carbon Atoms?

A

“Prop”

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17
Q

What do Lewis Dot Structures show?

A

Individual atoms and all the valence electrons

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18
Q

How do you represent individual atoms and all the valence electrons?

A

Using Lewis Dot Structures.

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19
Q

CnHn+2 is the formula for noncyclic chains of what form of hydrocarbons?

A

Alkanes

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20
Q

If there is a squiggly line cutting off a connection to the rest of the molecule on a skeletal structure, what does this mean?

A

The squiggly line shows you’re only concerned about the branch and not the chain. It says the other side is the chain, but it doesn’t matter what it is.

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21
Q

What VSEPR shape will a carbon atom with four single covalent bonds form?

A

Tetrahedral

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22
Q

What is the prefix for an organic compound containing 8 Carbon Atoms?

A

“Oct”

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23
Q

For non-cyclic chains, what is the formula for alkanes?

A

CnHn+2

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24
Q

When drawing skeletal structures, what is an important thing to remember to ensure you obey VSEPR theory?

A

You must maximise the distance between the bonds.

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25
Q

What is the prefix for an organic compound containing 1 Carbon Atom?

A

“Meth”

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26
Q

If all carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon have a full octet and are composed of only single bonds, what is this called?

A

It is saturated.

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27
Q

What does Organic Chemistry (by definition) mean?

A

Containing Carbon and Hydrogen

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28
Q

What are alkanes?

A

Molecules that only contain carbon and hydrogen, and are composed of only single bonds.

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29
Q

What is important regarding the corners of skeletal structures?

A

The direction of the corner doesn’t matter, you just need to make sure you have a change in direction. However, the angle is important, as they represent the VSEPR theory.

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30
Q

What type of atoms is covalent bonding very common in?

A

Non-metals

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31
Q

What is the prefix for an organic compound containing 10 Carbon Atoms?

A

“Dec”

32
Q

What are skeletal structures?

A

A shorthand way of representing the structure

33
Q

“Oct” is the prefix for an organic compound containing how many carbon atoms?

A

8

34
Q

“Eth” is the prefix for an organic compound containing how many carbon atoms?

A

2

35
Q

“Hept” is the prefix for an organic compound containing how many carbon atoms?

A

7

36
Q

What is the prefix for an organic compound containing 4 Carbon Atoms?

A

“But”

37
Q

What is the prefix for an organic compound containing 2 Carbon Atoms?

A

“Eth”

38
Q

The longest chain in a hydrocarbon gives us the name of what?

A

The base name of the hydrocarbon.

39
Q

State 4 characteristics of Ionic Compounds

A

Has charged species

Formed by the complete transfer of electrons

Water-soluble

Called “Salts”

40
Q

What is a downside of using condensed formulas?

A

It can be hard to see the real connectivity.

41
Q

What is the suffix used in naming alkanes?

A

“Ane”

42
Q

Molecules composed of both metals and non-metals (anions and cations) tend to bond in what manner?

A

Ionic bonding.

43
Q

What is the prefix for an organic compound containing 5 Carbon Atoms?

A

“Pent”

44
Q

What is the simplest organic molecule?

A

Methane.

45
Q

Why must you maximise the distance between the bonds in a skeletal structure?

A

To satisfy VSEPR theory

46
Q

What are covalent bonds formed by?

A

The sharing of two electrons

47
Q

How do you name a hydrocarbon if the same constituent occurs more than once?

A

Give numbers to represent the location of each point at which the substituent occurs. You also write the number of times the substituent occurs (i.e. di, tri, tetra.

48
Q

What are heteroatoms?

A

Any atom which is not Carbon or Hydrogen

49
Q

What are molecules that only contain carbon and hydrogen, and are only formed of single bonds called?

A

Alkanes

50
Q

The sharing of two electrons leads to what?

A

The formation of covalent bonds.

51
Q

How do you order different constituents in the name of a hydrocarbon?

A

In alphabetical order of their branch name (i.e. prefixes like di, tri, etc. don’t count). The only exception is “Iso”

52
Q

Any atom which is not Carbon or Hydrogen is called what?

A

A heteroatom

53
Q

How can the structure of a molecule be estimated?

A

Using VSEPR Theory

54
Q

What is a downside of using Lewis structures?

A

They are very time-consuming and become very complicated with large molecules.

55
Q

The shorthand way of representing the structure of an atom is called what?

A

Skeletal structures?

56
Q

“Prop” is the prefix for an organic compound containing how many carbon atoms?

A

3

57
Q

“Hex” is the prefix for an organic compound containing how many carbon atoms?

A

6

58
Q

“But” is the prefix for an organic compound containing how many carbon atoms?

A

4

59
Q

Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different connection of atoms are called what?

A

Constitutional Isomers

60
Q

“Meth” is the prefix for an organic compound containing how many carbon atoms?

A

1

61
Q

“Pent” is the prefix for organic compounds containing how many carbon atoms?

A

5

62
Q

Is Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) a covalent compound? Why/Why not?

A

Ammonium Chloride is not a covalent compound because the 4 hydrogens do not bond nicely with the 5 protons in Nitrogen, meaning one hydrogen does not contribute an electron, making it ionic

63
Q

What is the prefix for an organic compound containing 7 Carbon Atoms?

A

“Hept”

64
Q

What are alkanes?

A

Molecules that only contain carbon and hydrogen, and are only formed of single bonds.

65
Q

A molecule that does not have the capacity to form more Carbon/Hydrogen bonds as it has only single bonds is said to be what?

A

Saturated

66
Q

In an alkane, if all carbon atoms have a full octet composed of only single bonds, what is this called?

A

The molecule is saturated.

67
Q

Molecules that only contain carbon and hydrogen and are formed of only single bonds are called what?

A

Alkanes

68
Q

When naming the branch on a molecule, what is it important to remember?

A

Use the lowest whole number to name the branch.

69
Q

What does valency refer to?

A

The number of electrons needed to complete a full octet.

70
Q

What occurs in ionic bonds?

A

One atom transfers its electron(s) to another atom.

71
Q

What are the 5 concepts of skeletal structures?

A
  1. Use a zig-zag format
  2. All C-C bonds are shown as lines
  3. No C-H bonds are shown
  4. All other bonds and atoms are shown
  5. Must obey VSEPR theory
72
Q

What are constitutional Isomers?

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different connection of atoms

73
Q

What is a good way to find the number of carbons in a skeletal structure?

A

Label the corners

74
Q

The number of electrons needed to complete a full octet is referred to as what?

A

Valency.

75
Q

“Ane” is the prefix for for what type of hydrocarbons?

A

Alkanes.

76
Q

What type of atoms is ionic bonding very common in?

A

Molecules composed of both metals and non-metals (anions and cations)

77
Q

Can all molecules be effectively represented by a condensed formula?

A

No.

Chemistry 101 COPY (32 decks)

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