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Chemistry 101 COPY > Naming Alkyl Halides, Alcohols and Branched Structures > Flashcards

Naming Alkyl Halides, Alcohols and Branched Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What is a carbon molecule that is attached to a halogen and two other carbon molecules called?

A

A secondary halide

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2
Q

What does it mean for a functional group to have priority?

A

You start numbering from the end at which the functional group is.

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3
Q

What is the name for an alkyl group with four carbons?

A

Butyl

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4
Q

What is the name for an alkyl group with three carbons?

A

Propyl

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5
Q

What is a carbon molecule that is attached to a hydroxyl group but no other carbons called?

A

A methyl alcohol

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6
Q

What can be said about what molecules will have non-methyl carbons?

A

Any organic molecule except for methane

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7
Q

What is a carbon molecule that is attached to a hydroxyl group and two other carbons called?

A

A secondary alcohol

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8
Q

What are haloalkanes?

A

Molecules with halogens attached to carbons

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9
Q

If two chains are of equal length, which is the parent?

A

If two chains are of equal length, then the most branched chain if the parent.

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10
Q

What is methyl alcohol also called?

A

Methanol

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11
Q

Which has priority out of a hydroxyl group and a double bond?

A

The hydroxyl group (alcohol)

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12
Q

What is a quaternary carbon?

A

A carbon with four other carbons attached

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13
Q

What is the hybridisation of atoms that are single-bonded?

A

sp3

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14
Q

Why would you compare propanol and butane rather than propane/propanol or butane/butanol?

A

Because they have similar molecular weights.

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15
Q

What is a carbon with three other carbons attached classified as?

A

A tertiary carbon

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16
Q

What are molecules with halogens attached to carbons called?

A

Alkyl Halides or Haloalkanes

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17
Q

What are alcohols also called?

A

Hydroxyl groups

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18
Q

What is a carbon molecule that is attached to a hydroxyl group and one other carbon called?

A

A primary alcohol

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19
Q

Put simply, what are the four steps to name hydrocarbons?

A
  1. Find the parent hydrocarbon
  2. Number the atoms in the parent chain
  3. Figure out the family name
  4. Identify and number substituents
    * always name alphabetically!
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20
Q

What is the name for an alkyl group with one carbon?

A

Methyl

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21
Q

What is a carbon with no other carbons attached classified as?

A

A methyl carbon

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22
Q

What is the simplest functional group that contains oxygen?

A

Alcohols

23
Q

What are alkyl halides?

A

Molecules with halogens attached to carbons

24
Q

What is a primary carbon?

A

A carbon with one other carbon attached

25
Q

What is a tertiary carbon?

A

A carbon with three other carbons attached

26
Q

What is a carbon with four other carbons attached classified as?

A

A quaternary carbon

27
Q

What is a primary alcohol?

A

A carbon molecule that is attached to a hydroxyl group and one other carbon

28
Q

What is a primary halide?

A

A carbon molecule that is attached to a halogen and one other carbon

29
Q

What is a secondary halide?

A

A carbon molecule that is attached to a halogen and two other carbons

30
Q

What are alkyl halides also called?

A

Haloalkanes

31
Q

What is a secondary alcohol?

A

A carbon molecule that is attached to a hydroxyl group and two other carbons

32
Q

What is the name for an alkyl group with two carbons?

A

Ethyl

33
Q

What are alkyl groups?

A

Any alkane substituent

34
Q

What is a tertiary alcohol?

A

A carbon molecule that is attached to a hydroxyl group and three other carbons

35
Q

What is a carbon with two other carbons attached classified as?

A

A secondary carbon

36
Q

What is a carbon molecule that is attached to a halogen but no other carbon molecules called?

A

A methyl halide

37
Q

How do you treat the name of the halogen atom(s) when naming an alkyl halide?

A

You contract the element name and add an “o”

38
Q

What are haloalkanes also called?

A

Alkyl halides

39
Q

What is the technical term for “straight” chains?

A

Acyclic

40
Q

Are alcohols water soluble?

A

If they have 3 or less carbons.

41
Q

What is a methyl halide?

A

A carbon molecule that is attached to a halogen but no other carbons

42
Q

What is a carbon molecule that is attached to a halogen and one other carbon molecule called?

A

A primary halide

43
Q

What is a carbon molecule that is attached to a hydroxyl group and three other carbons called?

A

A tertiary alcohol

44
Q

What is the first thing you always do when naming a hydrocarbon?

A

Find the longest chain.

45
Q

What is the hybridisation of the oxygen molecule in methanol?

A

Sp3

It only has single bonds and its lone pairs aren’t involved in any bonds

46
Q

What is a secondary carbon?

A

A carbon with two other carbons attached

47
Q

What do we use to name an alcohol?

A

The suffix ‘ol’

48
Q

What is a tertiary halide?

A

A carbon molecule that is attached to a halogen and three other carbons

49
Q

What is a carbon molecule that is attached to a halogen and three other carbon molecules called?

A

A tertiary halide

50
Q

Why do alcohols have such a large boiling point?

A

Because they have the capacity to hydrogen bond.

51
Q

What is a carbon with one other carbon attached classified as?

A

A primary carbon

52
Q 
Which has the highest boiling point:
Alcohols
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkyne
A

Alcohols

53
Q

How do you name a branch?

A

Name it as if it were the main chain, but the suffix is “yl”

54
Q

What is the molecular structure of atoms that are single-bonded?

A

Tetrahedral

Chemistry 101 COPY (32 decks)

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