Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Molecular formula
The element name and the amount of each element in atoms in a molecule ( the normal formula )
eg, C3 H6
General formula
The algebraic formula that tells you the relationship between the amounts of atoms in a molecule
eg) Cn H2n+2
Empirical formula
The simplified or lowest ratio in a formula of the atoms in a molecule
eg) C3H6 (molecular) —–> CH2 (empirical)
Displayed
The fully drawn out formula of a molecule using the chemical symbols and bond signs
H H H
- - -
H-C-C=C-H
-
HHydrocarbon
A molecule consisting purely of hydrogen and carbon atoms
Fractional distillation
The process of dividing hydrocarbons into fractions based on their molecular length and therefore boiling point
Order in the fractionating column
(From bottom)
Residue(bitumen), Fuel Oil, Diesel Oil, Kerosene(Paraffin), Naphtha, Gasoline(petrol), Refinery gas
Test for unsaturation
Adding bromine water- if it turns from orange/brown to clear it is positive
Alkenes
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Alkanes
Saturated Hydrocarbons
Crude oil
A mixture of different lengths of hydrocarbon chains
Bonds of carbon
Carbon forms 4 bonds as it has 4 unpaired electrons
1 Carbon Alkane
Methane
2 Carbon Alkane
Ethane
3 carbon alkane
Propane
4 carbon alkane
Butane
5 carbon alkane
Pentane
1 carbon alkene
Doesn’t exist because there needs to be a covalent bond between 2 carbons
2 carbon alkene
Ethene
3 carbon alkene
Propene
4 carbon alkene
Butene
5 carbon alkene
Pentene
The greater the length of the hydrocarbon chain…
- the greater the boiling and melting points (more bonds to overcome)
- the higher the viscosity ( bonds are entangled)
- lower the volatility and flammability
Complete combustion
Where hydrocarbons are burnt in plenty of oxygen, to release carbon dioxide and water vapour waste products, as well as energy
