Organic Chemistry

Question 1

covalent bonding

Answer 1

is the bonding between two non metal atoms

Question 2

lewis diagram

Answer 2

is the dot diagram showing the outer electrons of the atom

Question 3

hydrocarbon

Answer 3

are molecules made up only of hydrogen and carbon

Question 4

how many bonds can an atom have

Answer 4

1, 2 or 3

Question 5

prefixes of hydrocarbons

Answer 5

1 - meth
2 - eth
3 - prop
4 - but
5 - pent 
6 - hex
7- hept
8 - oct
9 - non
10 - dec

Question 6

suffixes of hydrocarbons

Answer 6

single covalent - ane
double covalent - ene
triple covalent - yne

Question 7

the suffix of side branches

Answer 7

yl

Question 8

saturated

Answer 8

fully satisfied, every carbon has a full valence electron

Question 9

isomer

Answer 9

is a hydrocarbon with the same number of carbons and hydrogens but arranged in a different way

Question 10

structural diagram

Answer 10

with all the lines drawn to connect the carbons and hydrogens

Question 11

semistructural diagram

Answer 11

when they are in CH4 diagram

Question 12

hydrogen formula

Answer 12

ane - CnH2n+2
ene - CnH2n
yne - CnH2n-2

Question 13

organic chem

Answer 13

refers to carbon-based compounds

Question 14

what 4 elements does organic chem involve

Answer 14

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Question 15

what carbon molcules are inorganic

Answer 15

carbon dioxide

carbon monoxide

Question 16

fossil fuels

Answer 16

are formed from the remains of long dead organisms

Question 17

fractional distillation

Answer 17

seperating crude oil by heating it and placing it in a fractionating column and then they are seperated according to their boiling point

Question 18

what are the different crude oils in ascendin order

Answer 18

gas
petrol
naptha
kerosene
diesel
lubricating oil
fuel oil
parrafin wax
bitumen

Question 19

gas

Answer 19

has 1-4 carbons

is used for fuel

Question 20

petrol

Answer 20

4-10 carbons

used for fuel for cars

Question 21

kero

Answer 21

10-16

fuel for jets

Question 22

diesel oil

Answer 22

16-20 carbons

fuel for central heating

Question 23

lubricating oil

Answer 23

20-30 carbons

oil for machines like cars

Question 24

fuel oil

Answer 24

30-40 carbons

fuel for ships and power stations

Question 25

paraffin wax

Answer 25

40 - 50 carbons | waxy papers and candles

Question 26

bitumen

Answer 26

50+ carbons | roads

Question 27

why are fractions cracked

Answer 27

to produce shorter carbons chains so that they can be more useful

Question 28

how are fractions cracked

Answer 28

heating the molecules in the presence of a catalyst

Question 29

alcohols

Answer 29

are compounds containing oxygen, carbon and hydrogen

Question 30

what do all alcohols contain

Answer 30

hydroxy group/ functional group

Question 31

the most popular alcohol is ...

Answer 31

ethanol

Question 32

combustion of hydrocarbons and alcohols gives...

Answer 32

fuel + oxygen gives water + carbon dioxide

Question 33

incomplete combustion

Answer 33

if oxygen is limited | 2 simultaneous reactions producing carbon monoxide and soot

Question 34

prefixes of side branches

Answer 34

di, tri, tetra, penta

Question 35

covalent compounds

Answer 35

are liquid at room temp are insoluble poor conductors of electricity share electrons

Question 36

homologous series

Answer 36

when the following or previous hydrocarbon differs by 1 carbon and 2 hydrogens

Question 37

fractional distillation facts

Answer 37

the largest hydrocarbons have the highet boiling points | the fractionating column is hotter at the bottom

Question 38

smallest member of alkene family

Answer 38

ethene

Question 39

smallest member of the alkyne

Answer 39

ethyne

Question 40

what are the different structures

Answer 40

linear v shaped pyramidal tetrahedral

Question 41

crude oil

Answer 41

is a mixtrue of hydrocarbons

Question 42

the homologous series in crude oil is...

Answer 42

alkanes

Question 43

how do the separate crude oil

Answer 43

``` heat to 450 degrees which at that tem they evapourate put in fractioning column condense at their temp turn into liquid and tapped off ```

Question 44

smallest hydrocarbons...

Answer 44

are flammable and can be used as fuels | less than 6 atoms and can be used for cooking

Question 45

hydrocarbons with 7-9 carbons

Answer 45

used as petrol

Question 46

a common feature in hydrocarbons

Answer 46

one or more carbon-carbon multiple bonds

Question 47

alkane properties

Answer 47

homologous series with formula CnH2n+2 all have similar chemical properties do not have identical physical properties

Question 48

alkene properties

Answer 48

homologous series CnH2n unsaturated more reactive

Question 49

alkyne properties

Answer 49

homologous series CnH2n-2 | more unsaturated than alkenes

Question 50

are hydrocarbons insouble at room temp

Answer 50

yes

Question 51

are covalent molecules poor conductors of electricity

Answer 51

yes

Question 52

when crude oil is heated...

Answer 52

hydrocarbons evapouratre