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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

covalent bonding

A

is the bonding between two non metal atoms

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2
Q

lewis diagram

A

is the dot diagram showing the outer electrons of the atom

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3
Q

hydrocarbon

A

are molecules made up only of hydrogen and carbon

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4
Q

how many bonds can an atom have

A

1, 2 or 3

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5
Q

prefixes of hydrocarbons

A 
1 - meth
2 - eth
3 - prop
4 - but
5 - pent 
6 - hex
7- hept
8 - oct
9 - non
10 - dec
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6
Q

suffixes of hydrocarbons

A

single covalent - ane
double covalent - ene
triple covalent - yne

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7
Q

the suffix of side branches

A

yl

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8
Q

saturated

A

fully satisfied, every carbon has a full valence electron

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9
Q

isomer

A

is a hydrocarbon with the same number of carbons and hydrogens but arranged in a different way

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10
Q

structural diagram

A

with all the lines drawn to connect the carbons and hydrogens

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11
Q

semistructural diagram

A

when they are in CH4 diagram

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12
Q

hydrogen formula

A

ane - CnH2n+2
ene - CnH2n
yne - CnH2n-2

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13
Q

organic chem

A

refers to carbon-based compounds

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14
Q

what 4 elements does organic chem involve

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

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15
Q

what carbon molcules are inorganic

A

carbon dioxide

carbon monoxide

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16
Q

fossil fuels

A

are formed from the remains of long dead organisms

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17
Q

fractional distillation

A

seperating crude oil by heating it and placing it in a fractionating column and then they are seperated according to their boiling point

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18
Q

what are the different crude oils in ascendin order

A 
gas
petrol
naptha
kerosene
diesel
lubricating oil
fuel oil
parrafin wax
bitumen
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19
Q

gas

A

has 1-4 carbons

is used for fuel

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20
Q

petrol

A

4-10 carbons

used for fuel for cars

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21
Q

kero

A

10-16

fuel for jets

22
Q

diesel oil

A

16-20 carbons

fuel for central heating

23
Q

lubricating oil

A

20-30 carbons

oil for machines like cars

24
Q

fuel oil

A

30-40 carbons

fuel for ships and power stations

25
Q

paraffin wax

A

40 - 50 carbons

waxy papers and candles

26
Q

bitumen

A

50+ carbons

roads

27
Q

why are fractions cracked

A

to produce shorter carbons chains so that they can be more useful

28
Q

how are fractions cracked

A

heating the molecules in the presence of a catalyst

29
Q

alcohols

A

are compounds containing oxygen, carbon and hydrogen

30
Q

what do all alcohols contain

A

hydroxy group/ functional group

31
Q

the most popular alcohol is …

A

ethanol

32
Q

combustion of hydrocarbons and alcohols gives…

A

fuel + oxygen gives water + carbon dioxide

33
Q

incomplete combustion

A

if oxygen is limited

2 simultaneous reactions producing carbon monoxide and soot

34
Q

prefixes of side branches

A

di, tri, tetra, penta

35
Q

covalent compounds

A

are liquid at room temp
are insoluble
poor conductors of electricity
share electrons

36
Q

homologous series

A

when the following or previous hydrocarbon differs by 1 carbon and 2 hydrogens

37
Q

fractional distillation facts

A

the largest hydrocarbons have the highet boiling points

the fractionating column is hotter at the bottom

38
Q

smallest member of alkene family

A

ethene

39
Q

smallest member of the alkyne

A

ethyne

40
Q

what are the different structures

A

linear
v shaped
pyramidal
tetrahedral

41
Q

crude oil

A

is a mixtrue of hydrocarbons

42
Q

the homologous series in crude oil is…

A

alkanes

43
Q

how do the separate crude oil

A 
heat to 450 degrees
which at that tem they evapourate
put in fractioning column
condense at their temp
turn into liquid and tapped off
44
Q

smallest hydrocarbons…

A

are flammable and can be used as fuels

less than 6 atoms and can be used for cooking

45
Q

hydrocarbons with 7-9 carbons

A

used as petrol

46
Q

a common feature in hydrocarbons

A

one or more carbon-carbon multiple bonds

47
Q

alkane properties

A

homologous series with formula CnH2n+2
all have similar chemical properties
do not have identical physical properties

48
Q

alkene properties

A

homologous series CnH2n
unsaturated
more reactive

49
Q

alkyne properties

A

homologous series CnH2n-2

more unsaturated than alkenes

50
Q

are hydrocarbons insouble at room temp

A

yes

51
Q

are covalent molecules poor conductors of electricity

A

yes

52
Q

when crude oil is heated…

A

hydrocarbons evapouratre

Chemistry (5 decks)

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