Atoms and the Periodic Table

Question 1

What does an atom consist of?

Answer 1

Nucleus, protons, neutrons, shells

Question 2

Define nucleus

Answer 2

The heavy core at the centre of an atom that contains neutrons and protons

Question 3

What are the different charges?

Answer 3

Protons +
Neutrons - neutral
Electrons -

Question 4

qualities of Electrons

Answer 4

Spin around the space surrounding the nucleus
Neg charged
Attracted to positive nucleus

Question 5

qualities of Protons

Answer 5

Are in the nucleus

The no. of protons = no. of electrons

Question 6

qualities of Neutrons

Answer 6

Are neutral

Heavier than protons and 1800 the size of electrons

Question 7

What are elements?

Answer 7

Building blocks of all substances

Each element is made of atoms

Question 8

how is the periodic table oragnised?

Answer 8

Vertical groups

Horizontal periods

Question 9

what does the atomic number determine

Answer 9

= protons and electrons

Question 10

what is the mass number made of

Answer 10

is protons + neutrons

Question 11

define Compounds

Answer 11

A substance that is made of 2 or more elements bonded together

Question 12

What are the 5 groups on the periodic table?

Answer 12

Alkali metals
Alkaline earths
Halogens
Noble gases
Transition metals

Question 13

what are the Periods

Answer 13

the horizontal rows

the period number is the same number of electron shells it has

Question 14

what are the Groups

Answer 14

the vertical columns
they have the same properties
the last digit of the group number is the number of electrons in the outer shell

Question 15

Alkali metal

Answer 15

Form cations of +1
Really reactive
Group 1

Question 16

Alkaline Earths

Answer 16

Group 2
Similar to group 1
Form a +2 cation

Question 17

halogens

Answer 17

Group 17
Form anions with -1
mean salt producing

Question 18

Noble gases

Answer 18

Group 18
Inert gases
stable

Question 19

Transition metals

Answer 19

group 3-12
hard, high melting/boiling points
useful/valuable metals

Question 20

Orbitals

Answer 20

Are volumes of space where electrons are most likely to be found

Question 21

Subshells

Answer 21

are a way of grouping similar orbitals

Question 22

Shells

Answer 22

groups orbitals with similar energy

Question 23

how many orbitals in each subshell

Answer 23

s=1
p=3
d=5
f=7

Question 24

What is the orbital filling rule

Answer 24

Aufbau’s

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 4f, 5d, 5f

Question 25

What are the different bonding types?

Answer 25

metallic, ionic, covalent

Question 26

metallic bonding

Answer 26

between 2 metals | has cations and a sea of delocalized electrons

Question 27

ionic bonding

Answer 27

between metal and non-metal | cations and anions line up next to the opposite to form a lattice

Question 28

covalent bonding

Answer 28

between nonmetals | non metals bonding

Question 29

Ions

Answer 29

Are atoms that have become charged because they have gained or lost electrons

Question 30

Cation

Answer 30

a positively charged ion have more protons than electrons form when metals lose their outer shell electrons

Question 31

Anion

Answer 31

negatively charged more electrons form when non-metals gain electrons

Question 32

What are atoms?

Answer 32

are the particles that make all the substances up in the universe

Question 33

smallest particle that everything can be divided to

Answer 33

atom

Question 34

where are electrons most likely to be found?

Answer 34

electron clouds

Question 35

every atom of a given element has the same number of what?

Answer 35

protons

Question 36

an isotope always has

Answer 36

the same number of protons

Question 37

atoms to the right of the zigzag in the periodic table are

Answer 37

nonmetal

Question 38

what are the zigzag atoms

Answer 38

metalloids

Question 39

what is something with the same number of protons but different number of electrons called

Answer 39

ion

Question 40

who discovered the electron

Answer 40

j.j thompson 1897

Question 41

what are excited electrons

Answer 41

when they shell jump, it requires energy to jump up and then when they return to ground state their excess energy releases as light

Question 42

lanthanides

Answer 42

a special block of metallic elements with atomic numbers 57-71

Question 43

actinides

Answer 43

a special block of metallic elements with atomic numbers 89-103

Question 44

ground state

Answer 44

the lowest energy arrangement of an atom's electrons in energy levels

Question 45

if an element has an electron configuration of 2,6 or 1s2, 2s2, 2p4 what charge would it form as an ion

Answer 45

2, 6 < 6 need 2 electrons which are neg | so -2

Question 46

metallic bonding looks like...

Answer 46

cations surrounded by a bunch of delocalised electrons

Question 47

ionic bonding looks like...

Answer 47

in a lattice of the cations and anions lining up next to one another

Question 48

covalent bonding looks like...

Answer 48

the molecules share electrons