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Chemistry 11 > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is organic chemistry?

A

The study of carbon compounds

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2
Q

What makes carbon-based compounds so popular?

A

Carbon chains are very stable
The occurrence of isomers
The variety of functional groups that bind to carbon

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3
Q

What are hydrocarbons

A

Largest class of organic compounds that only consist of carbon and hydrogen

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4
Q

How many bonds does alkanes have

A

Single

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5
Q

How many bonds does alkenes have

A

Double

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6
Q

How many bonds in alkynes

A

Triple

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7
Q

What are aromatics?

A

Consist of benzene, benzene derivatives and fused benzene rings

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8
Q

What are alkanes

A

Saturated hydrocarbons

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9
Q

What does tetrahedral mean?

A

In alkanes each carbon is the central atom in a tetrahedral arrangement (4 single bonds)

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10
Q

Where and what are conformers

A

Found in alkane arrangements

When an atom had different rotational forms because of free rotation around a single bond

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11
Q

What does methane represent

A

1

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12
Q

What does ethane represent

A

2

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13
Q

What does propane represent

A

3

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14
Q

What does butane represent

A

4

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15
Q

What does pentane represent

A

5

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16
Q

What does hexane represent

A

6

17
Q

What does heptane represent

A

7

18
Q

What does octane represent

A

8

19
Q

What does nonane represent

A

9

20
Q

What does decane represent

A

10

21
Q

What is the formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

22
Q

What do prefixes represent

A

The number of carbon atoms

23
Q

What does the -ane -ene and -yne represent

A

The hydrocarbon class

24
Q

What is a structural isomer

A

A molecule of a hydrocarbons that has many different forms

25
Q

What is a methyl group

A

-CH3 group

It is derived from by the deletion of the -ane ending and the addition of -yl (the alkyl group is the opposite)

26
Q

How to write the name of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane

A

1) draw longest chain
2) # Cs
3) add side chains (so first one is the lowest number)
4) add Hs

27
Q

What are Alkenes

A

Unsaturated hydrocarbons
May have geometric isomers
Use the -ene ending
If more than one possible location for the double bond numbers are used for its location

28
Q

What is the formula for Alkene

A

CnH2n

29
Q

When does cis or trans not get used when talking about Alkenes?

A

When A=B or D=E

30
Q

What does cis or trans mean

A

Trans- longest line crosses the centre line

Cis- longest line stays on the same side

31
Q

What are Alkynes

A

Names are the same as alkanes but with a -yne ending

32
Q

What are cyclohexanes

A

A special RING for of alkane

33
Q

What are aromatic hydrocarbons

A

Based on a benzene ring which is a resonance structure
Electrons are shared around the ring structure
If more than 2 groups are attached then number must be used to name the molecule

34
Q

What does resonance structure mean?

A

Mix of 2 molecules (in aromatic hydrocarbons)

35
Q

What is delocalization

A

When electrons are shared around a ring

36
Q

What are Alkyl Halides

A

Alkanes with attached halogen atoms
Attached F,Cl, Br and I atoms are called “fluoro”, “chloro”, “bromo” and “iodo” groups
Use a number to indicate the position of the attached hydrocarbon chain, if more than one is present use prefix system
List the attached groups in alphabetical order

Chemistry 11 (2 decks)

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