Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry C3 > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a homologous series

A

A group of compounds with the same general formula and have similar chemical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an alkene

A

They contain hydrogen and carbon only and have one double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is fermentation

A

The process of using yeast to convert carbohydrates (sugars) into alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What conditions do you need for fermentation?

A

30 to 40 degrees to hot and the enzyme denatures

Anaerobic conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How to produce ethanol

A

If you have a lot of crude oil you can use ethene and steam to produce ethanol, this is cheaper however you can grow sugar cane and ferment it if you have a lot of fertile land.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are problems with excess alcohol

A

Reduces activity of nervous system.

Impaired judgement poor balance and coordination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How to turn ethanol to ethene

A

Dehydration,

Produces ethene and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is ethanoic acid

A

Vinegar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the formula of ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is it’s functional group of carboxylic acid

A

COOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does ethanol become ethanoic acid?

A

Reaction with oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How to make an ester?

A

Alcohol plus carboxylic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Formula for ethyl ethanoate

A

CH3COOC2H5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the functional group of alcohols

A

OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the carboxylic Acid functional group mean

A

Anoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How to produce ethanol by fermentation

A

Mix yeast and a solution of carbohydrates, seal and leave in a warm place . Keep the mixture between 30 and 40 degrees. Keep anaerobic conditions, oxygen converts ethanol into ethanoic acid otherwise. When the concentration of alcohol reaches about 20% fermentation stops as the alcohol kills the yeast.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do yeast convert carbohydrates into

A

Sugars and alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How can you concentrate ethanol

A

Fraction distillation . This separates the ethanol from water as ethanol has a lower boiling point. The ethanol evaporates and rises up the collumn. A Liebig condenser is used to condense the ethanol

19
Q

Pros and cons of fermentation

A

It uses renewable resources ( sugar can and sugar beet) however the quality isn’t great and it’s expensive to concentrate and purify ethanol

20
Q

What are problems of alcohol for society

A

Leads to loutish behaviour and violence. People can become addicted leading to family break downs and job losses. Leads to irresponsible behaviour I..e having sex with random people
Drink driving causes death. Economic costs

21
Q

How to turn ethene to ethanol

A

React it with Steam, get the ethanol from fractional distillation of crude oil it is relatively cheap. It can be made quickly and continuously and needs little further processing as it is high quality

22
Q

How do you make vinegar

A

Vinegar is known as ethanoic acid. Just add oxygen to ethanol which produces vinegar and water

23
Q

How do you make a carboxylic acid

A

React e

Ethanoic acid with a metal base or carbonate

24
Q

What is produced when ethanoic acid is reacted with a metal

A

you get hydrogen and the metal ethanoate m

25
Q

What does ethanoic acid turn universal indicator

A

Red or orange

26
Q

What happens to blue litmus paper when in contact with ethanoic acid

A

It turns red

27
Q

What happens when your react ethanoic acid with a carbonate

A

You get the first part of the carbonate with the ethanoate for example sodium ethanoate and then carbon dioxide and water

28
Q

What is the functional group of esters

A

-COO-

29
Q

What s the reaction to make an ester

A

Alcohol + carboxylic acid to ester + water

30
Q

What are esters used for

A

To make perfumes and flavourings and aromas

31
Q

What are polyesters

A

They are polymers that contain the eater functional group

32
Q

What are uses of poly esters

A

Plastic bottles. Can be used for fabric to make clothing they can be recycled and turned into fleece that’s used to make clothing,

33
Q

What are soaps made from

A

Esters and an alkali

34
Q

What part of a soap anion is hydrophilic

A

This is the head of the anion it is normally small and ionic

35
Q

What does hydrophilic mean

A

It means that it dissolves in water

36
Q

What does hydrophobic mean

A

Doesn’t like water but it is attracted to grease or oil

37
Q

What part is hydrophobic

A

The tail it is usually a long hydrocarbon chain

38
Q

How does soap work

A

The hydrophobic part is attracted to the stains as in the oil or fats this is then lifted off when the head or hydrophilic part is carried away by the water. The tail or hydrophobic part surround the fat blob and allow it to move away

39
Q

What are unsaturated oils generally less

A

Viscous

40
Q

How can you make an unsaturated oil to a saturated one

A

By breaking down the double bonds and adding hydrogen

41
Q

What is hydrogenation

A

This is when hydrogen is added to an unsaturated oil to make it saturated

42
Q

What is it called when a catalyst is used to speed up the hydrogenation process

A

Catalytic hydrogenation

43
Q

What are polyunsaturated vegetables oils hydrogenated to make

A

Margarine

Chemistry C3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions