organic chemistry Flashcards
State two other general features of an homologous series of compounds.
chemically similar or chemically the same or react in the same way same functional group same general formula
Name the process which is used to obtain the fractions from petroleum
fractional distillation
State what is meant by the term saturated, as applied to hydrocarbons.
contains only single bonds
State what is meant by the term molecular formula.
the molecular formula gives the actual number of atoms of each element/type in a molecule
Identify a catalyst used in a catalytic converter.
Platinum or palladium or rhodium
Explain what is meant by the term structural isomers
compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
Explain what is meant by the term fraction as applied to fractional distillation.
compounds with similar boiling point
State a property of the molecules in petroleum which allows the mixture to be separated into fractions.
molecules have different boiling points
Describe the temperature gradient in the column.
molecules have different boiling points
State one economic reason for the cracking of petroleum fractions.
production of alkene
Crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation. Outline how different fractions are obtained by this process.
Crude oil is heated to vaporise it (1) (Vapour passed into fractionating) tower / column (1) Top of tower cooler than bottom or negative temperature gradient (1) fractions separated by b.p OR condensed at different temperatures OR levels OR low boiling fractions at the top OR at the top small molecules or light components (1)
Name 4 conditions for fermentation
- yeast catalyst 2. anearobic 3. 35 degrees temp 4. 1 atm pressure
State the meaning of the term catalyst.
speeds up the rate of reaction AND is chemically unchanged at the end
What is hydration?
addition of water to a molecule
What is the reaction between water and barium
Ba + 2H2O——–> Ba(OH)2 +H2
