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Chemistry 3 > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Give the molecular formula of ethane

A

C2H6

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2
Q

Give the molecular formula of propane

A

C3H8

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3
Q

Give the molecular formula of butane

A

C4H10

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4
Q

Give the molecular formula of pentane

A

C5H12

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5
Q

Give the molecular formula of ethene

A

C2H4

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6
Q

Give the molecular formula of propene

A

C3H6

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7
Q

Give the molecular formula of methanol

A

CH3OH

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8
Q

Give the molecular formula of ethanol

A

C2H5OH

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9
Q

Give the molecular formula of propanol

A

C3H7OH

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10
Q

What is the chain isomer of propanol called and where in its structure does OH go?

A

Propan-2-ol, the OH goes on the middle carbon on the bottom

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11
Q

Name the process that produces carbon dioxide and ethanol

A

Fermentation

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12
Q

Give the word equation for fermentation

A

Glucose —> Carbon dioxide + ethanol

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13
Q

Give the balanced symbol equation for fermentation

A

C6H12O6 —> 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH

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14
Q

How is ethanol obtained from the reaction mixture in fermentation?

A

By distillation

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15
Q

What method is used for fermentation?

A

A bioreactor

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16
Q

Inside the bioreactor, what two types of fermentation can be used?

A

Batch or continuous

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17
Q

Give the advantages of batch fermentation

A

Highest % of ethanol produced, little risk of infection or strain mutation and it is versatile (can be used for different reactions everyday)

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18
Q

Give the advantages of continuous fermentation

A

Low labour cost, efficient due to the

autocatalytic nature of microbial reactions and constant product quality

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19
Q

Give the disadvantages of batch fermentation

A

High labour cost due to the requirement of skilled labour, time is spent on sterilisation, growth of inoculum and cleaning and it has safety problems

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20
Q

Give the disadvantages of continuous fermentation

A

Lower % of ethanol produced, it is inflexible and can’t be used for other productions without retro-fitting, and production can fail due to an infection or the spontaneous mutation of microorganisms to a non producing strain

21
Q

What are the reaction conditions needed for fermentation?

A

Presence of yeast, a temperature of 30-35*C, sugars being in solution
(mashing of grain or fruit if necessary) and the exclusion of air, which provides low oxygen concentrations

22
Q

What are the limits of fermentation?

A

Yeast is killed by ethanol concentrations exceeding 15%, which limits the purity of ethanol that can be produced

23
Q

What % of pure ethanol can be separated from the mixture by fractional distillation?

24
Q

What us ethanol used for, besides alcohol?

A

As a fuel and as a solvent

25
Why can ethanol be used as a fuel by itself?
It burns to produce carbon dioxide and water
26
What can ethanol be mixed with to make a fuel?
Petrol
27
How does using ethanol as a fuel benefit countries without an oil supply?
It is produced by fermentation, and countries wouldn't have to import foreign oil so could reduce costs
28
How is ethanol used as a solvent, with an example?
To dissolve organic compounds that are insoluble in water, eg in perfumes
29
What are the economic impacts of using ethanol as a fuel?
The fuel can be taxed to generate money, and it creates jobs
30
What are the social impacts of using ethanol as a fuel?
It creates jobs and means better performance in cars
31
What are the environmental impacts of using ethanol as a fuel?
Can reduce CO2 emissions by 40%, the source of fuel comes from food waste and it is carbon neutral
32
Give the molecular formula of of methane
CH4
33
How do you produce ethanoic acid from ethanol?
Oxidise ethanol to produce ethanal, and then oxidise ethanal to produce ethanoic acid
34
What type of acid is ethanoic acid?
A weak carboxylic acid
35
What are the social advantages of alcohol?
Drinking alcohol is relaxing, and has some health benefits eg drinking red wine in moderation
36
What are the social disadvantages of alcohol?
Alcohol causes antisocial behaviour, drink driving, aggression and public disorder, the government tax alcohol
37
What are the economic disadvantages of alcohol?
Fermentation is expensive, the police and NHS spend time and money on public disorder
38
What does the reaction between a metal and an acid produce?
Salt + hydrogen
39
What does the reaction between a metal carbonate and an acid produce?
Salt + carbon dioxide + water
40
What does the reaction between an avid and a base produce?
Salt + water
41
What happens to litmus paper when a) ethanoic acid is added b) sulfuric acid is added?
a) Litmus paper stays red | b) Litmus paper stays red
42
What happens to universal indicator solution when a) ethanoic acid is added b) sulfuric acid is added?
a) Orange | b) Bright red
43
What happens when reaction metal Mg is added to a) ethanoic acid b) sulfuric acid?
a) Fizzes, bubbles | b) Exothermic, fizzes more, bubbles
44
What happens when metal carbonate Na2CO3 is added to a) ethanoic acid b) sulfuric acid?
a) Fizzes, bubbles | b) Fizz more, bubbles
45
Does ethanoic acid or sulfuric acid require more NaOH to neutralise it and why?
Sulfuric as it is a stronger acid
46
What happens to acids in water?
They ionise to produce hydrogen ions, H+
47
What happens to strong acids in water?
They fully ionise eg HCL ---> H+ + Cl-
48
What happens to weak acids in water?
They don't ionise fully, but form an equilibrium mixture
49
Give the formula for ethanoic acid
CH3COOH

Chemistry 3 (4 decks)

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