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Chemistry 3 > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Give the molecular formula of ethane

A

C2H6

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2
Q

Give the molecular formula of propane

A

C3H8

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3
Q

Give the molecular formula of butane

A

C4H10

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4
Q

Give the molecular formula of pentane

A

C5H12

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5
Q

Give the molecular formula of ethene

A

C2H4

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6
Q

Give the molecular formula of propene

A

C3H6

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7
Q

Give the molecular formula of methanol

A

CH3OH

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8
Q

Give the molecular formula of ethanol

A

C2H5OH

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9
Q

Give the molecular formula of propanol

A

C3H7OH

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10
Q

What is the chain isomer of propanol called and where in its structure does OH go?

A

Propan-2-ol, the OH goes on the middle carbon on the bottom

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11
Q

Name the process that produces carbon dioxide and ethanol

A

Fermentation

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12
Q

Give the word equation for fermentation

A

Glucose —> Carbon dioxide + ethanol

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13
Q

Give the balanced symbol equation for fermentation

A

C6H12O6 —> 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH

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14
Q

How is ethanol obtained from the reaction mixture in fermentation?

A

By distillation

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15
Q

What method is used for fermentation?

A

A bioreactor

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16
Q

Inside the bioreactor, what two types of fermentation can be used?

A

Batch or continuous

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17
Q

Give the advantages of batch fermentation

A

Highest % of ethanol produced, little risk of infection or strain mutation and it is versatile (can be used for different reactions everyday)

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18
Q

Give the advantages of continuous fermentation

A

Low labour cost, efficient due to the

autocatalytic nature of microbial reactions and constant product quality

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19
Q

Give the disadvantages of batch fermentation

A

High labour cost due to the requirement of skilled labour, time is spent on sterilisation, growth of inoculum and cleaning and it has safety problems

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20
Q

Give the disadvantages of continuous fermentation

A

Lower % of ethanol produced, it is inflexible and can’t be used for other productions without retro-fitting, and production can fail due to an infection or the spontaneous mutation of microorganisms to a non producing strain

21
Q

What are the reaction conditions needed for fermentation?

A

Presence of yeast, a temperature of 30-35*C, sugars being in solution
(mashing of grain or fruit if necessary) and the exclusion of air, which provides low oxygen concentrations

22
Q

What are the limits of fermentation?

A

Yeast is killed by ethanol concentrations exceeding 15%, which limits the purity of ethanol that can be produced

23
Q

What % of pure ethanol can be separated from the mixture by fractional distillation?

A

96%

24
Q

What us ethanol used for, besides alcohol?

A

As a fuel and as a solvent

25
Q

Why can ethanol be used as a fuel by itself?

A

It burns to produce carbon dioxide and water

26
Q

What can ethanol be mixed with to make a fuel?

A

Petrol

27
Q

How does using ethanol as a fuel benefit countries without an oil supply?

A

It is produced by fermentation, and countries wouldn’t have to import foreign oil so could reduce costs

28
Q

How is ethanol used as a solvent, with an example?

A

To dissolve organic compounds that are insoluble in water, eg in perfumes

29
Q

What are the economic impacts of using ethanol as a fuel?

A

The fuel can be taxed to generate money, and it creates jobs

30
Q

What are the social impacts of using ethanol as a fuel?

A

It creates jobs and means better performance in cars

31
Q

What are the environmental impacts of using ethanol as a fuel?

A

Can reduce CO2 emissions by 40%, the source of fuel comes from food waste and it is carbon neutral

32
Q

Give the molecular formula of of methane

A

CH4

33
Q

How do you produce ethanoic acid from ethanol?

A

Oxidise ethanol to produce ethanal, and then oxidise ethanal to produce ethanoic acid

34
Q

What type of acid is ethanoic acid?

A

A weak carboxylic acid

35
Q

What are the social advantages of alcohol?

A

Drinking alcohol is relaxing, and has some health benefits eg drinking red wine in moderation

36
Q

What are the social disadvantages of alcohol?

A

Alcohol causes antisocial behaviour, drink driving, aggression and public disorder, the government tax alcohol

37
Q

What are the economic disadvantages of alcohol?

A

Fermentation is expensive, the police and NHS spend time and money on public disorder

38
Q

What does the reaction between a metal and an acid produce?

A

Salt + hydrogen

39
Q

What does the reaction between a metal carbonate and an acid produce?

A

Salt + carbon dioxide + water

40
Q

What does the reaction between an avid and a base produce?

A

Salt + water

41
Q

What happens to litmus paper when a) ethanoic acid is added b) sulfuric acid is added?

A

a) Litmus paper stays red

b) Litmus paper stays red

42
Q

What happens to universal indicator solution when a) ethanoic acid is added
b) sulfuric acid is added?

A

a) Orange

b) Bright red

43
Q

What happens when reaction metal Mg is added to a) ethanoic acid b) sulfuric acid?

A

a) Fizzes, bubbles

b) Exothermic, fizzes more, bubbles

44
Q

What happens when metal carbonate Na2CO3 is added to a) ethanoic acid
b) sulfuric acid?

A

a) Fizzes, bubbles

b) Fizz more, bubbles

45
Q

Does ethanoic acid or sulfuric acid require more NaOH to neutralise it and why?

A

Sulfuric as it is a stronger acid

46
Q

What happens to acids in water?

A

They ionise to produce hydrogen ions, H+

47
Q

What happens to strong acids in water?

A

They fully ionise

eg HCL —> H+ + Cl-

48
Q

What happens to weak acids in water?

A

They don’t ionise fully, but form an equilibrium mixture

49
Q

Give the formula for ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH

Chemistry 3 (4 decks)

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