organic chemistry 3 (lesson 6 - 7) Flashcards
what does the structure of carboxylic acids look like?
. C
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R – C – OH
- where R is the carbon chain or ring
- organic compounds containing the carboxyl functional group (-COOH)
What does the structure for esters look like?
. O
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R – C – O – R’
- where R can be a carbon chain or hydrogen and R’ can be a carbon chain
Properties for carboxylic acids?
- has LDF, dipole-dipole, H bonds
- polar
- have high boiling points due to hydrogen bonding
Properties for esters?
- combination of carboxylic acid and alcohol
- Polar
- small esters dissolve in water, while large esters do not
- boiling points are slightly lower than carboxylic acids and alcohols due to a lack of hydrogen bonding
- Very volatile which allows them to generate aromas
How can we compare boiling points of organic compounds?
we can compare organic compounds using their polarity and intermolecular attractions between the molecules
Describe characteristics of esterification reactions
- the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
- The catalyst is sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄)
What are the uses of carboxylic acids?
recycling rubber - methanoic acid
vinegar - ethanoic acid
rust remover - oxalic acid
fruits - citric acid
What are the uses of esters?
flavouring agents
what is the functional group for carboxylic acid?
COOH
What is the functional group for esters?
COO
What is a monomer?
a simple molecule that forms the base unit for a polymer
what is a polymer?
a polymer is a very long molecule formed by the covalent bonding of bazillions of monomers
properties of polymers
- depending on the polymer, the monomers that make it up can be the same or different
- polymers can be natural (carbohydrates, proteins, DNA, lipids)
- polymers can be synthetic (nylon, PVC, teflon, polyester)
- polymers can be heated and moulded into shapes, commonly called plastics
What are the two types of polymerization reactions and how to distinguish them?
- Addition reactions:
* monomers are alkenes or alkynes
* unsaturated bonds in these molecules are used to form bonds between the carbon atoms to form long chains
* polymer is the only product formed - Condensation reactions:
* Involves the formation of a small molecule (commonly water) as well as the polymer (TWO PRODUCTS)
* each monomer has two functional groups (to link)
* two common linkages include: - Ester linkage
- amide linkage
A synthetic structure that is similar to a naturally occurring substance is called what?
a structural analog
