Organic Chemistry

Question 0

What are hydrocarbons?

Answer 0

They are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. The carbon-carbon bonds can be single, double or triple.
If these bonds are all single the hydrocarbon is described as saturated. If double or triple bonds are present, it is termed unsaturated.

Question 1

What is organic chemistry?

Answer 1

It is the systematic study of the compounds of carbon, excluding oxides of carbon, carbonates,carbides and cyanides. These exceptions plus the compounds of the remaining elements are considered to be inorganic.

Question 2

What are Alkanes? What is their formula?

Answer 2

Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single carbon-carbon bonds. All Alkanes have the formula CnH2n+2.

Eg: methane = CH4

Question 3

What are Alkenes? What is their formula?

Answer 3

Alkene safe hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond.
They have the general formula CnH2n.

Eg: methene CH2

Question 4

What are Alkynes? What is their formula?

Answer 4

Alkynes contain a carbon-carbon triple bond.
They have the general formula CnH2n-2.

Eg: methyne CH

Question 5

What are cyclic hydrocarbons? What do you add to their name?

Answer 5

Hydrocarbons that form ring-like structures.

Add the prefix cyclic- before their name.

Question 6

Naming organic substances.

Answer 6

1. Identify how many carbons there are in the chain.
2. Identify any double or triple bonds are present. If so, start numbering closest to it.
3. If not, identify if any branches or side chains (hydrocarbon chains) coming off the main (parent) branch. If so, start numbering closest to it.
4. If not, identify if any functional groups are attached to the hydrocarbon. If so, start numbering closest to it.
5. Name any branches first with the ending -yl, then the longest chain, then any single or double bond.
6. When two or more branches occur on the same carbon atom, the number of the carbon atom is indicated for each branch, with the names given alphabetically.
7. When this occurs, the prefixes di-, tri- and tetra- are used.

Question 7

What is the priority in naming branches from a particular end?

Answer 7

Triple
Double
Branch
Functional group

Question 8

What is a functional group?

Answer 8

Is an atom or group of atoms, or a bond, that gives an organic molecule its specific properties.

Question 9

The haloalkanes

Answer 9

Kim

Question 10

How does a functional group affect the properties of a hydrocarbon?

Answer 10

functional groups affect the properties of organic compunds by affecting their

• structure
• boiling/meltin temps
• the chemical reactions carried ot by that molecule

For example of the functional group contains a lot of -OH molecules then there maybe a lot of hydrogen bonding within the molecule which will increase the boiling temperature and cause that molecule to beome reduced when reacted with the appropiate reagent and etc

Question 11

What is a homologous series?

Answer 11

Any series of organic compounds in which each successive member differs by CH2 from the previous one.

It is a series of organic compounds that have the same structure but in which the formula of each molecule differs from the next CH2 group.