Ionic Bonding Flashcards
What is an ionic bond?
An ionic bond is the electrical force of attraction formed between a cation and an anion.
What is ionic bonding?
……..Ionic bonding is when metal atoms join to non-metal atoms and valance electrons are transferred from the metal to the non-metal.
Eg: NaCl
Na+ + Cl- = NaCl
(2,8) (2,8,8)
As valance electrons are transferred from the metal atoms to the non-metal atoms, the metal atoms then become positive ions (cations) and the non-metal atoms become negative ions (anions).
An ion forms by…..
Gaining or loosing electrons
Why do atoms form ions?
To become more stable
Lowest energy state
What is Electronegativity?
It is the electron attracting power of an atom.
What is electrovalency?
It is the charge on an ion.
What type of structure do ionic substances form?
Ionic lattices
What are ionic lattices?
They are 3D array/lattice of cations and anions.
Overall it is neutrally charged.
Like charges are as far apart as possible.
Opposite charges are as close to each other as possible.
Naming binary ionic compounds.
- Name the cation
2. Name the anion with ‘-ide’ as a suffix
What are polyatomic ions?
They are a bound group of atoms with an overall charge that act as one.
Eg: CO3 ^-2
Naming polyatomic compounds.
- Name the cation and add a Greek prefix
2. Name the anion with ‘-ide’ as a suffix
Properties of ionic substances
Usually crystalline solids at room temp.- 3D pattern arrangement of ions
Solids at room temp.
High melting and boiling points- large amount of energy is needed to separate these bonds as they are strong.
Structured-looks cubic under the microscope
Does not conduct electricity in solid form- as charged particles cannot move.
Does conduct electricity as a liquid or aqueous or molten- because of the free ions: they can move
Hard, not easily scratched, due to strong ionic bind holding ions together.
Polar- frees the rigid structure of the ions by moving in between them
Brittle
