organic chemistry 2 rev Flashcards
What functional group do alcohols contain?
Alcohols contain the functional group −OH
How can ethanol/alcohols be oxidised?
Ethanol can be oxidised by
- burning in air or oxygen
- reacting with oxygen in the air to form ethanoic acid
- heating with potassium dichromate(VI) in dilute sulfuric acid (aka acidified potassium dichromate)
What are the methods to manufacture ethanol?
Ethanol can be manufactured by the hydration of ethene or by fermentation
What are the conditions for the fermentation of glucose?
Fermentation of glucose occurs at an optimum temperature of about 30 oC using enzymes in yeast.
Why is fermentation done in the absence of air?
Fermentation is done in the absence of air to void the production of ethanoic acid
Reactions of aqueous solutions of carboxylic acids with
- metals
- metal carbonates
salt + hydrogen
salt + carbon dioxide + water
What is vinegar?
Vinegar is an aqueous solution containing ethanoic acid.
What functional group do esters contain?
Esters contain the functional group −C=O
O
Imagine single
bond
CO
What ester is produced when ethanol and ethanoic acid react?
Ethyl ethanoate (when reactants react in the presence of an acid catalyst)
What are the characteristics and purposes of esters?
Esters are volatile compounds with distinctive smells and are used as food flavourings and in perfumes.
What are the reactants and products of condensation polymerisation?
Condensation polymerisation produces a polyester and water
when a dicarboxylic acid reacts with a diol.
What are biopolyesters?
Some polyesters, known as biopolyesters, are biodegradable.
what are the conditions for the hydration of ethene
- ethene reacts with steam
- temp of 300C
- pressure 60-70 atm
- presence of phosphoric acid catalyst
what is the colour change of oxidation of alcohols when reacted with acidified potassium dichromate
orange –> green
how to name esters
-yl parts comes from the alcohol
-anoate part comes from the carboxylic acid
