Organic Chemistry 2

Question 1

What is Addition reaction?

Answer 1

The double bond is broken and two atoms/groups are added to each C atom of the double bond. There is one saturated product.

Question 2

What is substitution reaction?

Answer 2

An atom or group of atoms is replaced with another atom or group of atoms. There are 2 products.

Question 3

What is elimination reaction?

Answer 3

Two atoms / groups are removed from adjacent carbon atoms and a double bond is created to form an alkene.

Question 4

What is oxidation reaction?

Answer 4

Reaction with either MnO4- OR Cr207 2-,
, both “oxidising agents” - usually used “acidified”,
‘, i.e. with H+

Question 5

What is addition polymerisation?

Answer 5

Addition polymerisation occurs when the C=C in monomers breaks and the carbon atoms in this double bond join to each other from adjacent molecules to form long chains
E.g. Monomer = ethene, polymer = polyethene.

Question 6

What is an acid base reaction?

Answer 6

Reaction of carboxylic acid with base NaOH (no visible reaction) or carbonate NaHCO3 or NazCO3 (both release COz gas). The acid donates a proton. Will make ionic salts, e.g. CHCOO- Nat. CHCOO is the ethanoate ion.

Question 7

What is a non-polar product?
(structure and solubillity)

Answer 7

Symmetrical molecule, insoluble in water

Question 8

C1-C4 is soluble or insoluble in water?

Answer 8

Soluble in water.
As carbon chain increases, solubillity in water decreases.

Question 9

What are polar molecules?
(structure and solubillity)

Answer 9

asymmetrical, soluble in water

Question 10

Alkene to haloalkane (dihaloalkane) (Type of reaction and Reagents)

Answer 10

e.g. Cl2, Br2. (X2). Addition

Question 11

Alkene to haloalkane (Type of reaction and Reagents)

Answer 11

e.g. HCl, HBr. (HX). Addition

Question 12

Alkene to alkane (Type of reaction and Reagents)

Answer 12

H2 (Pt) with Heat. Addition

Question 13

Alkene to alcohol (Type of reaction and Reagents)

Answer 13

H20/H+ heat. Addition

Question 14

Alkene to di-haloalkane (Type of reaction and Reagents)

Answer 14

e.g. Br2, Cl2, (X2). Addition

Question 15

Alkane to haloalkane (Type of reaction and Reagents)

Answer 15

e.g. Br2, Cl2 + UV light. Substitution

Question 16

Haloalkane to alcohol (Type of reaction and Reagents)

Answer 16

KOH (aq). Substitution

Question 16

Alcohol to chloroalkane (Type of reaction and Reagents)

Answer 16

SOCl2 or PCl3 or PCI5. Substitution

Question 17

Alcohol to (amine)

Answer 17

NH3(alc). Substitution

Question 18

Alcohol to alkene (Type of reaction and Reagents)

Answer 18

Conc. H2SO4 (heat). Elimination

Question 19

Alkene to diol (Type of reaction and Reagents)

Answer 19

MnO4-/H+. Oxidation

Question 20

Alcohol to carboxylic acid (Type of reaction and Reagents)

Answer 20

MnO4-/H+. Oxidation

Question 21

Monomer to polymer (Type of reaction and Reagents)

Answer 21

high heat and pressure
additon polymerisation

Question 22

Haloalkane to alkene (Type of reaction and Reagents)

Answer 22

Conc. NaOH (alc). Elimination

Question 23

What are Acids?

Answer 23

Acids are proton (H+) donors

Question 24

What are bases?

Answer 24

Bases are proton (H+) acceptors

Question 25

What are structural isomers?

Answer 25

Same number and type of atoms but arranged in different ways.
Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but they differ in the sequence in which the atoms are joined together.

Question 26

What are the Geometric isomers?

Answer 26

Cis and trans.
C=C double bond in alkenes is fixed and cannot be rotated (“is no free rotation about the C=C double bond”). This allows for different arrangements of the atoms/groups of atoms in space.

• groups on same side, cis-
• groups on opposite sides, trans