deck_16162414

Question 1

Elimination

Answer 1

Conc. H2SO4, Heat (alc to alkene)
KOH(alc), Heat (haloalkane to alkene)

Question 2

alcohol Substitution into Cl

Answer 2

SOCl2 or PCl5 or PCl3

Question 3

Oxidation into diol

Answer 3

MnO4- or H+/MnO4-

Question 4

Substitution into OH

Answer 4

KOH(aq), heat

Question 5

Substitution into NH2

Answer 5

Conc. NH3(alc)

Question 6

Substitution into Br or Cl

Answer 6

Cl2 or Br2, UV light and/ or heat

Question 7

Addition alkene into dihaloalkane

Answer 7

Cl2, Br2

Question 8

Oxidation into carboxylic axid (PRIMARY alcohol)

Answer 8

H+/MnO4-, Heat or H+/Cr2O7^2-

Question 9

Addition alkene into Haloalkane

Answer 9

HCl, HBr

Question 10

Addition into alkane

Answer 10

H2, Ni or Pt Catalyst

Question 11

Additiion into OH

Answer 11

H+/H2O, heat OR dil. H2SO4, heat

Question 12

Acid

Answer 12

Acids are proton (H+) donors

Question 13

Bases

Answer 13

Bases are proton acceptors

Question 14

Acid + Base

Answer 14

Salt (+H2O)

Question 15

CH3CH2COOH + NaOH

Answer 15

CH3CH2COO^-Na^+
(sodium proponate) and H2O

Question 16

Markovnikov’s rule

Answer 16

(rich gets richer) Carbon atom in the double bond with the most hydrogen atoms apready attached will get another hydrogen atom and the carbon atom with the least hydrogen atoms willl get the halogen atom attached

Question 17

Alkane gen eq

Answer 17

CnH2n+2

Question 18

Alkene Gen eq

Answer 18

CnH2n

Question 19

Alkyne Gen eq

Answer 19

CnH2n-2

Question 20

Alcahol Gen eq

Answer 20

CnH2n+1OH

Question 21

Carboxylic Acid gen eq

Answer 21

CnH2n+1COOH

Question 22

Amine gen eq

Answer 22

CnH2n+1NH2

Question 23

Carboxylic acid tests

Answer 23

Blue litmus to red, red litmus stays red
Green UI turns orange (weak acid)

Question 24

Amines base test

Answer 24

Red litmus turns blue, blue litmus stays blue
green UI turns blue (weak base)

Question 25

Polar soluble

Answer 25

Small alcahols, small carboxylic acids and small amines (C1-4/5) are soluble as the -OH and -COOH and -NH2 groups are polar and are attracted to polar water molecules

Question 26

non-polar

Answer 26

Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne

Question 27

solubility for polar

Answer 27

For soluble organic molecules as #C increases solubility decreases (as non-polar hydrocarbon bit gets bigger)

Question 28

What is Elimination?

Answer 28

Two atoms / groups are removed from adjacent carbon atoms and a double bond is created to form an alkene.

Question 29

What is substitution?

Answer 29

An atom or group of atoms is replaced with another atom or group of atoms. There are 2 products.

Question 30

What is oxidation

Answer 30

Reaction with either MnO4- OR Cr207 2-,
, both “oxidising agents” - usually used “acidified”,
‘, i.e. with H+

Question 31

What is addition

Answer 31

The double bond is broken and two atoms/groups are added to each C atom of the double bond. There is one saturated product.

Question 32

What is addition polymerisation?

Answer 32

Addition polymerisation occurs when the C=C in monomers breaks and the carbon atoms in this double bond join to each other from adjacent molecules to form long chains
E.g. Monomer = ethene, polymer = polyethene.