Organic chemistry Flashcards
Introduction, Crude oil, Alkanes and Alkenes
what is crude oil?
a mixture of different hydrocarbons
Define fractional distillation.
Fractional distillation is the process of separating the different fractions of crude oil based on their boiling points.
What happens to the viscosity of a liquid as the number of carbon atoms increases?
the viscosity of the liquid increases.
Define the term viscosity.
the ease of flow of a liquid.
what is petroleum gas used for?
domestic heating and cooking
what is kerosene used for?
jet fuel
what is diesel used for?
trucks as well as trains, buses, boats
Give a use of heavy fuel oil
used for ships & power stations
Which fraction is used to surface roads?
bitumen
Why do fractions condense inside the fractional tower?
their vapours rise and reach a point where the temperature is below their boiling point.
What are the products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons?
carbon dioxide and water.
What are the products of incomplete combustion?
The products of incomplete combustion are carbon monoxide, carbon (soot) and water.
Define incomplete combustion.
Incomplete combustion occurs when there is insufficient oxygen to burn the fuel completely.
How does carbon monoxide cause harm?
Carbon monoxide binds well to haemoglobin, preventing it from binding to oxygen and transporting oxygen to organs.
Name places that incomplete combustion can occur.
boilers
stoves
car engines
What is the symbol equation for the complete combustion of propane?
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
Name gases that the burning of fossil fuels releases.
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Oxides of nitrogen
Oxides of sulfur
What is a fuel?
A fuel is a substance that is burned to release heat / thermal energy
Where are nitrogen oxides formed?
Nitrogen oxides are formed in the high pressure and temperature conditions of internal combustion engines and blast furnaces.
How is acid rain formed from nitrogen and sulfur oxides?
Acid rain is formed by nitrogen and sulfur oxides dissolve in rainwater to form nitric acid and sulfuric acid
Name the two gases that contribute to acid rain
Two gases that contribute to acid rain are nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide
How is sulfur dioxide produced from the burning of fossil fuels?
During combustion, the sulfur impurities in the fossil fuels get oxidised / react with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide.
What is the purpose of cracking?
The purpose of cracking is to convert surplus unwanted fractions of crude oil, such as kerosene and diesel oil, into more useful fractions like petrol (gasoline), alkenes, and hydrogen.
True or False?
The demand for certain fractions outstrips the supply, which is why cracking is necessary.
true
