Ionic bonding, Covalent bonding Flashcards
Ionic bonding
The electrostatic attraction between ions of opposite charges
between atoms of non metals and metals
Ionic bonding in terms of electrons
exchange/transfer of electron forms an electrostatic attraction between atoms.
Ionic bonds strength?
very strong and stronger than any type of intermolecular force but weaker than covalent bonds
Carbonate ion
Nitrate ion
Hydroxide ion
CO3 2-
NO3 -
OH-
sulphate ion
ammonium ion
SO4 2-
NH4+
Giant ionic lattices
The structure of ionic compounds which is made up of repeating units of identical structure
STRICT STRUCTURE
why do noble gases have a strong electrostatic configuration
(ionic bonding)
they have a full outer shell
they do not react easily or at all
elements in other groups do not have full outer shells
Giant ionic lattices
properties
Dissolve in water
Conduct electricity when molten or dissolved
High melting points
Example of a giant ionic lattice
NaCl
cube shaped lattice
why do ionic compounds require a lot of energy to break their bond
because of the strong electrostatic attraction between ions
recap questions (ionic bonding)
explain why the melting point of sodium chloride is high
explain why sodium chloride can dissolve in water
Why does sodium chloride have the formula NaCl and not NaCl2
There are strong electrostatic attractions between the P+N ions, takes a lot of heat to overcome them
The partial positive hydrogen atoms of water are attracted to the Cl⁻ ions, and the partial negative oxygen atoms are attracted to the Na⁺ ions, leading to dissociation
because it represents a 1:1 ratio of sodium ions to chloride ions
Predict the formula of the following ionic compounds :
Potassium bromide
Lithium oxide
Calcium oxide
KBr
Li2O
CaO
What type of atoms usually participate in covalent bonding
non-metals
How is a covalent bond formed
by sharing an electron between atoms
what are the properties of giant covalent substances?
solids
very high melting points
Covalent bonds are formed when 2 atoms:
Share electrons
A single covalent bond represents how many shared electrons?
2
covalent bonding is …
the strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms
how many bonds does nitrogen form
how many bonds does hydrogen form
3
1
why do simple molecular substances have low melting and boiling points?
- weak intermolecular forces between molecules, these are broken in melting or boiling
- the intermolecular forces increase with the size of the molecules, larger molecules have higher melting and boiling points
what are the properties of diamond with respect to bonding and structure?
its very hard
very high melting point
does not conduct electricity
each carbon in joined to 4 other carbons covalently
covalent bonds need a lot of energy to be broken meaning they have a very high melting point
this is the maximum number of bonds each carbon atom can make
what are the properties of graphite?
each carbon is covalently bonded to 3 other carbons
this forms layers of hexagonal rings which have no covalent bonds between the layers
the layers can slide over each other due to the absence of covalent bonds between the layers
soft and slippery
one electron from each carbon atom is delocalised so it conduct electricity
