Organic Chemistry

Question 1

what is organic chemistry

Answer 1

the study of carbon compounds and their properties

Question 2

what is a hydrocarbon

Answer 2

molecules that consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 3

what is an unsatured hydrocarbon

Answer 3

contains one or more double or triple bonds between carbons

Question 4

what is a saturated carbon

Answer 4

only single covalent bonds between carbons
-Alkanes

Question 5

What is the chemical formula for alkanes

Answer 5

CnH2n+2

Question 6

what is an alkyl group

Answer 6

one or more carbon branches attached to the main structure of the molecule

Question 7

What is a substituent group

Answer 7

an atom or group that replaces hydrogen in an organic molecule.

Question 8

what is a structural isomer

Answer 8

when two molecules have the same molecular formula but different arrangements in space

Question 9

What IMF’s are present in alkanes

Answer 9

LD only because it is non polar

Question 10

State the reactivity of alkanes

Answer 10

Fairly unreactive, quite stable

Question 11

What is halogenation

Answer 11

when alkanes react with a specific type of substutution reaction: where a hydrogen atom is replaced by a halogen to form an alkyl halide

Question 12

what IMF’s are present in alkyl halides

Answer 12

DD
-halogens have high electronegativity

Question 13

Alkenes

Answer 13

-contain one or more double bonds
-CnH2n

Question 14

Alkynes

Answer 14

-contain one or more triple bonds
-CnH2n-2

Question 15

what is aliphatic hydrocarbons

Answer 15

their structures are based on straight or branched chains or rings of carbon atoms

Question 16

stereoisomers

Answer 16

Have the same number of atoms, with the double bond in the same position, but with a different 3D geometry around that double bond

Question 17

cis

Answer 17

means that the two groups are on the same side of the double bond

Question 18

trans

Answer 18

indicates that the groups are on opposite sides

Question 19

what is a functional group

Answer 19

a group of atoms within a molecule that determines the properties of the molecule

Question 20

aromatic hydrocarbons

Answer 20

-pleasent smells
-unsaturated hydrocarbons that have a ring structure and a bonding arrangement that causes it to be chemically stable
-typically, nonpolar unless they have an electronegative sub group

Question 21

what are the reactivity ladder from least reactive to most reactive

Answer 21

-alkane
-benzene
-alkene
-alkyne

Question 22

what is the functional group of alcohols and suffix

Answer 22

-hydroxyl
-OH
-Phenol: OH attached to a benzene ring
-Ol

Question 23

Functional group for ethers and suffix

Answer 23

-O-
-an oxygen atom between two carbon atoms in a chain
-oxy

Question 24

Thiols: functional group and suffix

Answer 24

-SH
-Sulfhydryl
-thiol

Question 25

Aldehydes: Functional group and suffix

Answer 25

-CHO -a carbonyl group that is bonded to at least one hydrogen -al

Question 26

what is a carbonyl group

Answer 26

A carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom

Question 27

Ketones: Functional group and suffix

Answer 27

-a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms -one -dione, trine

Question 28

what is the suffix for an aldehyde attached to a ring

Answer 28

-carbaldehyde -keep cyclo

Question 29

Aldehyde+Ketone suffix

Answer 29

-oxo -name as an aldehyde

Question 30

Carboxyl Acid: functional group and suffix

Answer 30

-a carbon atom this is double bonded to one oxygen and single bonded to a hydroxyl group -CO2H or -COOH -oic -if added to ring its carboxylic acid but keep cycle idiotic,

Question 31

Esters: Functional group and suffix

Answer 31

-a carbonyl group bonded to a second oxygen atom which is bonded to another carbon atom -COO -oate

Question 32

what is esterification

Answer 32

esters are formed through reactions between an acid and an alcohol

Question 34

what is a triglyceride

Answer 34

-fats and oils -esters made from long chains of fatty acids means that three acids are bonded to an alcohol

Question 35

what is saponification

Answer 35

fats and oils can be heated in the presence of a strong base to make soap -is the reverse esterification

Question 36

what is a polymer

Answer 36

are large chain like molecules made my linking up smaller, repeating chemical units called monomers

Question 37

what is polymerization

Answer 37

-a chemical process by which monomers are joined to form polymers

Question 38

What is the minimal number of carbons needed in a straight chain alkane before multiple structural isomers can exist

Answer 38

-4 any less you will only be able to draw it the same way, the parent chain length will stay the same therefore you cannot change the name of the molecule so then no isomers exist.

Question 39

what is phenyl

Answer 39

when benzene ring has lost an H and become a branch. the other branch needs 6 or more carbons and or double or triple bonds to become parent.

Question 40

What is a Homopolymer

Answer 40

A polymer of a single type pf monomer

Question 41

What is a copolymer

Answer 41

Has two or more types of monomers combined to form the polymer chain

Question 42

What is a surfactant

Answer 42

Molecules that dissolve in both water and oil bases substances

Question 43

What is the structure of a surfactant

Answer 43

-water loving hydrophilic head -neutral oil-loving lipophilic tail

Question 44

what happens when soap is added to a mixture of oil and water

Answer 44

the lipophilic tails of the soap molecule are attracted to the oil while the hydrophilic heads are attracted to the water. This cause the soap molecules to surround the oil and to be dispersed and dissolved within the water.

Question 45

Why is soap inefficient when cleaning with hard water

Answer 45

-it makes a precipitate, the water has minerals in it which react with the soap to form a precipitate, this can leave a residue on the surface which is ineffective for cleaning.