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physics > organic chemistry > Flashcards

organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

what is produced when alcohols react with sodium?

A

they produce hydrogen bubbles and a salt
e.g ethanol + sodium = sodium ethoxide + hydrogen
methanol + sodium = sodium methoxide +hydrogen

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2
Q

what is the general formula for alcohol?

A

Cn H2n+1 OH

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3
Q

what is the functional group for alcohols

A

-OH

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4
Q

what are first four members of the homologous series of alcohols

A

methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol

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5
Q

what are the properties of alcohol?

A

flammable, react with sodium, solouble in water, neutral PH,

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6
Q

what happens when alcohol go through combustion in with oxygen?

A

they produce carbon dioxide and water

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7
Q

what is produced when an alcohol reacts with an oxidizing agent?

A

alcohols react with an oxidizing agent to produce a carboxylic acid and water
e.g methanol (arrow with oxididsing agent) = carboxylic acid + water

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8
Q

what are alcohols used for? why?

A

used as solvents as they can dissolve most things water can dissolve and dissolve things water cant.
used as fuels (clean and non smelly)

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9
Q

when sugar solution are fermented using yeast what is produced?

A

aqueous solution of ethanol and carbon dioxide

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10
Q

in what process is ethanol made

A

through fermentation

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11
Q

how does fermentation work?

A

uses enzymes in yeast to covert sugars into ethanol And carbon dioxide is also produced.

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12
Q

what is the conditions used for fermentation of sugar using yeast?

A

happens fastest at 37 degrees in a slightly acidic solution under anaerobic conditions.

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13
Q

why si fermentation under specific conditions?

A

enzyme works best in these conditions as a lower or high temperature could denature or make the enzyme work too slow.

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14
Q

what is the carboxylic acids functional group?

A

COOH

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15
Q

what are the first members of the carboxylic acids

A

methanoic, ethanoic, propanoic, butanoic

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16
Q

what is produced when we react carboxylic acid with carbonates?

A

produce salt and water and carbon dioxide

ethanoic acid + sodium carbonate —> sodium ethonate + water + carbon d

17
Q
A
18
Q

when reacting carboxylic acids with carbonates what does the salt formed in these reactions end with?

A

anoate e.g methanoic acid will form methanoate

19
Q

what happened when carboxylic acids dissolve in water?

A

when they dissolve, they ionize and release h+ ions resulting in acidic solution but they partially ionise in water forming weak acidic solution

20
Q

what is the pH of carboxylic acids dissolve in water?

A

these are less acidic have a higher pH than strong acids with the same concentration.

21
Q

how are esters formed?

A

when a carboxylic acid and alcohol react together and a acid catalyst is used?

22
Q

name an ester?

A

ethyl ethanoate made from ethanoic acid and ethanol with acid catalyst.

23
Q

what is the functional group for esters?

A

COO

24
Q

how are hydrocarbons in crude oil separated from fractions

A

by the approximate numbers of carbons in the hydrogen in that fraction.

25
Q

what is condensation polymerization?

A

monomers with 2 functionals groups react and join together losing small molecules such as water so they are called condensation.

diol + dicarobxylic acid –> condenstaion polymer + water

26
Q

how are simple polymers produced?

A

from two diffferent monemers with the SAME FUNCTIONAL GROUP

condensation polymer include 2 different funtional groups

27
Q

name the difference of **addtion ** and **condenstaion ** polymerisation?

A

addition: only one type of monemer c=c bond and only one product formed and carbon double bond in monemer
condensation: two monemer with 2 same funtional group or 1 monemer type with 2 functional groups
two product formed and 2 reactive groups on each monemer.

28
Q

how mnay functional groups do amino acids have?

A

two different types of functionla groups in a molelcule

could have one molelcule with 2 fucntional groups branching of

29
Q

how do amino acid produce polypeptides?

A

react by condenstaion polymerisation

30
Q

what is the amino group?

A

NH2

31
Q

what are long chain of polypeptide be called?

A

protiens

32
Q

what do proteins do in the body which is useful?

A

body tissue is made from protein, enzyme working as catalyst

33
Q

what is DNA?

A

a large molelcule essesntial for life and encode genetic instrcutions for the devolpment and functioning of liviing organism

34
Q

what are DNA made from?

A

2 polymer chains made from different monemer called nucleotides in a form of a double helix

35
Q
A

physics (9 decks)

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