Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is an organic compound?
A compound that contains carbons; excluding metal carbonates, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon
What is an emperical formula?
Shows the simplest possible ratio of atoms in a molecule, e.g C^4H^8 has the empircal formula of CH^2
What is a General formula?
Shows the ratio of atoms in a family in terms of ‘n’
What is a Homologous series?
Family of compounds that have similar features and chemical properties due to them being in the same functional group.
Features of a Homologous series?
Gradiation in physical properties
The smae general formula
Same functional group
Similar chemical properties
What is a fuctional group?
A group of atoms bonded in a specific arrangement that influences the properties of the homologous series.
What are isomers?
Compound that have the same molecular formula but different diplayed formula.
What is a substitution reaction?
When one functional group is replaced by another. (Atom is substituted for another)
What is an addition reaction?
When two or more molecules are combided to form a larger molecule no other products
Definition of combustion?
The scintific term for burning. When an organic substance reacts with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide ( or carbon monoxide)
Give an example for complete combustion?
CH^4 + 2O^2 ———> CO^2 + 2H^2O
CH^4 + 50^2 ———-> 3CO^2 + 4H^2O
How is crude oil seperated? [6 marks]
- The crude oil is seperated using a process called fractional distilation.
2.cAs you go up the fractionating column the cooler it gets - The crude oil is heated near the bottom of the column, when vaporized it moves up the column
- When a substance in the crude oil reaches its boiling point in condences the is seperated
- The size the length of each hydrocarbon molecule determimes which fraction it will be seperated into.
- This means that the compounds with a higher boiling poing condence closer to the bottom and the atoms with the lower boiling point condence higher in the frationating column.
What is crude oil?
A mixtue of that is not a very useful substance, however, it is made up of various other hydrocarbons, called franctions, which are very valueble and have may uses.
What are the uses for different Crude oil fractions? E.g petrol, Kerosene, Bitumen
Liquified petroleum gas - Domestic cooking and heating
Petrol/ gasoline - Fuel for cars
Kerosene - Jet fuel
Diesel - Diesel engines
Heavy fuel oil - Ship fuel and power stations
Bitumen - Surfacing roads nad roofs
