Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Define ‘hydrocarbon’

Answer 1

A compound that contains only Hydrogen and Carbon

Question 2

What is Empirical formulae

Answer 2

Shows the simplest possible ratio of atoms in a molecule

Question 3

What is Molecular formula

Answer 3

Shows the actual number of atoms in a molecule

Question 4

What is a homologous series

Answer 4

A series of organic compounds that have similar features and properties due to them having the same functional group

Question 5

What do all members of a homologous series have

Answer 5

The same functional group, The same general formula, similar chemical properties, The difference between one member and the next is CH2

Question 6

What is a functional group

Answer 6

A group of atoms bonded in a specific way which influences the properties of the homologous series

Question 7

what is an isomer

Answer 7

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different displayed formulae

Question 8

what is an alkane

Answer 8

compounds of Hydrogen and Carbon with only single bonds between them

Question 9

what are the properties of the main fractions of crude oil

Answer 9

Viscosity, colour, melting/ boiling point, volatility

Question 10

where are fossil fuels mainly found

Answer 10

Coal, natural gas, oil, oil shales

Question 11

what does natural gas consist of mainly

Answer 11

Methane CH4

Question 12

when does complete combustion occur

Answer 12

when there is excess oxygen

Question 13

what are the products of complete combustion

Answer 13

carbon dioxide and water

Question 14

what are the products of incomplete combustion

Answer 14

carbon monoxide and water

Question 15

what are the dangers of carbon monoxide

Answer 15

Binds well to haemoglobin and therefore stops oxygen binding which stops the transfer of oxygen to organs

Question 16

where are nitrogen oxides formed

Answer 16

high pressure and high temp conditions of exhaust engines

Question 17

Explain Catalytic convertors

Answer 17

They contain transition metal catalysts, they are in a honeycomb to increase surface areas for reactions. a series of redox reactions occur which neutralise the pollutant gases

Question 18

Adverse effects of sulfur dioxide

Answer 18

Acid rain

Question 19

why are alkanes saturated

Answer 19

they contain only single carbon carbon bonds

Question 20

In order name the 5 alkanes

Answer 20

Methane. Ethane. Propane. Butane. Pentane

Question 21

as the length of the hydrocarbon chain increases what happens to the viscosity

Answer 21

It increases

Question 22

what happens to the boiling point as the molecular size increases

Answer 22

It increases

Question 23

what happens to volatility when chain length increases

Answer 23

decreases