organic chemistry Flashcards
aliphatic hydrocarbons
the hydrocarbons consisting of a linear chain of carbon atoms
alkanes
a molecules that contains only single bonds between carbon atoms
- contains only single c to c bonds
- the name of the hydrocarbon indicates the number of carbons and ends in -ane
alkenes
a molecule that contains one double bond between carbon atoms
- contains only one double c to c bond
- are considered to be unsaturated
- when naming they usually end in -ene
alkynes
a molecule that contains one triple bond between carbons atoms
- contains one triple c to c bond
- are considered to be unsaturated
- when naming they usually end in -yne
what is the general formula for an alkane
C(n) H(2n +2)
what does saturated mean
a substance that contains all single bond (alkaneS)
what is the naming procedure for a branched alkane
1) find the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms
2) label the carbon chain so the sub groups are on the lowest numbers possible
3) name each of the sub groups
- use dash between numbers and words
- use commas between numbers and number
- always order the sub groups by alphabetical order (ignore the prefixes)
- always list the number twice if there is more then one sub group that comes off of it
- the last sub group if there is any gets attached to the prefix for the longest chain
what is the general formula for an Alkenes
C(n) H(2n)
what is a primary carbon alcohol
when the OH is bonded to primary carbon
what is the general formula of an alkynes
C(n) H(2n-2)
what is an alcohol
a compound where one or more hydrogens of a parent hydrocarbon have been replaced with a functional group (OH)
what is a secondary carbon alcohol
when the OH is bonded to secondary carbons
what is a tertiary carbon alcohol
when the OH is bonded to tertiary carbons
what is an ether
a compound in which two hydrocarbon groups are bonded to one oxygen.
what is a aldehyde
a compound that contains a carbonyl group (c double bonded to o). that attaches to the primary carbon (when named they end in -al)
what is a primary carbon
a carbon that is only bonded to one other carbon
what is a secondary carbon
a carbon that is only bonded to two other carbons
what is a tertiary carbon
a carbon that is bonded to three other carbons
What is a ketone
when a compound contains a Carbonyl group (c double bonded to o) attached to a secondary carbon (when named they end in -one)
What is a carboxylic acid
organic acids that have carboxyl groups attached to the primary carbon (they have a o double bonded to a carbon and a OH bonded to the same carbon)
What is an ester
a compound where the H atom of the carboxylic acid is replaced by a carbon containing group (has a o that is double bonded to a carbon and the carbon is bonded to a different o atom and a different carbon group is bonded to the o that is single bonded in the first structure)
What is the name method of a carboxylic acid
the name of the acid will end in -oic acid
what is the naming method of an ester
the e in the parent chain is removed and an ending of -oate is added
what is an amine
it is an ammonia where one or more alkyl group replaces the hydrogen atom in the ammonia molecule (alkyl is bonded directly to a nitrogen)
