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Chemistry 104 > organic chemistry > Flashcards

organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

aliphatic hydrocarbons

A

the hydrocarbons consisting of a linear chain of carbon atoms

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2
Q

alkanes

A

a molecules that contains only single bonds between carbon atoms
- contains only single c to c bonds
- the name of the hydrocarbon indicates the number of carbons and ends in -ane

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3
Q

alkenes

A

a molecule that contains one double bond between carbon atoms
- contains only one double c to c bond
- are considered to be unsaturated
- when naming they usually end in -ene

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4
Q

alkynes

A

a molecule that contains one triple bond between carbons atoms
- contains one triple c to c bond
- are considered to be unsaturated
- when naming they usually end in -yne

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5
Q

what is the general formula for an alkane

A

C(n) H(2n +2)

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6
Q

what does saturated mean

A

a substance that contains all single bond (alkaneS)

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7
Q

what is the naming procedure for a branched alkane

A

1) find the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms
2) label the carbon chain so the sub groups are on the lowest numbers possible
3) name each of the sub groups
- use dash between numbers and words
- use commas between numbers and number
- always order the sub groups by alphabetical order (ignore the prefixes)
- always list the number twice if there is more then one sub group that comes off of it
- the last sub group if there is any gets attached to the prefix for the longest chain

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8
Q

what is the general formula for an Alkenes

A

C(n) H(2n)

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9
Q

what is a primary carbon alcohol

A

when the OH is bonded to primary carbon

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9
Q

what is the general formula of an alkynes

A

C(n) H(2n-2)

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9
Q

what is an alcohol

A

a compound where one or more hydrogens of a parent hydrocarbon have been replaced with a functional group (OH)

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10
Q

what is a secondary carbon alcohol

A

when the OH is bonded to secondary carbons

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11
Q

what is a tertiary carbon alcohol

A

when the OH is bonded to tertiary carbons

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12
Q

what is an ether

A

a compound in which two hydrocarbon groups are bonded to one oxygen.

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13
Q

what is a aldehyde

A

a compound that contains a carbonyl group (c double bonded to o). that attaches to the primary carbon (when named they end in -al)

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14
Q

what is a primary carbon

A

a carbon that is only bonded to one other carbon

15
Q

what is a secondary carbon

A

a carbon that is only bonded to two other carbons

16
Q

what is a tertiary carbon

A

a carbon that is bonded to three other carbons

17
Q

What is a ketone

A

when a compound contains a Carbonyl group (c double bonded to o) attached to a secondary carbon (when named they end in -one)

18
Q

What is a carboxylic acid

A

organic acids that have carboxyl groups attached to the primary carbon (they have a o double bonded to a carbon and a OH bonded to the same carbon)

19
Q

What is an ester

A

a compound where the H atom of the carboxylic acid is replaced by a carbon containing group (has a o that is double bonded to a carbon and the carbon is bonded to a different o atom and a different carbon group is bonded to the o that is single bonded in the first structure)

20
Q

What is the name method of a carboxylic acid

A

the name of the acid will end in -oic acid

21
Q

what is the naming method of an ester

A

the e in the parent chain is removed and an ending of -oate is added

22
Q

what is an amine

A

it is an ammonia where one or more alkyl group replaces the hydrogen atom in the ammonia molecule (alkyl is bonded directly to a nitrogen)

23
Q

what is a primary amine

A

when one alkyl group is attached to the nitrogen atom (contains two hydrogen)

24
Q

what is a secondary amine

A

when two alkyl groups attach to the nitrogen (still contains one hydrogen)

25
Q

what is a tertiary amine

A

when three alkyl groups attach to the nitrogen atom

26
Q

What is an alkyl group

A

is a chain or molecule of a alkane where on of the hydrogens are removed to connect to a different molecule

27
Q

What is an amide

A

An organic compound that have a carbonyll group attached to the nitrogen atom directly

28
Q

What is a primary amide

A

when the nitrogen is not bonded to an alkyl group (the nitrogen is just attached as an ammonia molecule not a connector)

29
Q

What is a secondary amide

A

when the nitrogen is bonded to a single alkyl group

30
Q

what is a tertiary amide

A

when the nitrogen is bonded to two alkyl groups

Chemistry 104 (3 decks)

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