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Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Organic compound?

A

Compound with C, H and covalent bonds

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2
Q

What is hydrocarbon compound?

A

Compound containing only hydrogen and carbon

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3
Q

What is saturated hydrocarbon?

A

hydrocarbon compounds containing only single bonds eg.Alkanes

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4
Q

What is unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

Hydrocarbons with double bonds or triple bonds
eg.alkenes,alkynes

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5
Q

What is aliphatic compound?

A

compounds with no benzene ring;either saturated or unsaturated

eg.alkenes,alkynes

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6
Q

What is aromatic compound?

A

compound with a benzene ring(phenyl gp);all unsaturated

eg.phenol

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7
Q

What is electrophile compound?

A

compound which attracts electrons from electron-rich compounds
**Positive ions or partial positive charged compounds **

eg.NH4+,H+

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8
Q

What is nucleophile?

A

compound that attracts electron-deficient compounds
negative ions or compounds with lone pair*

eg.Cl-,OH-,NH3

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9
Q

Addition is the characteristic of _____ compounds.

A

unsaturated

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10
Q

What is addition reaction?

A

2 reactants combine to form a single product

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11
Q

Substitution os the characteristic of _____ and _____ compounds.

A

saturated
aromatic

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12
Q

What is substitution reaction?

A

an atom or gp of atoms is replaced by an atom or different gp of atoms

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13
Q

What is addition-elimination reaction?

A

also known as condensation reaction

It’s the reaction b/w 2 functional gps of reactants with loss of small molecules like water,HCl or NH3

eg.alcohol + carboxylic acid____ ester + H2O

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14
Q

Types of bond breaking

A

1)Homolytic fission-shared pair of eကိုခွဲယူ(radicalထွက်)
2)Heterolytic fission-shared pair of electronegativityများတဲ့ကောင်ကယူသွား(partial chargeပေါ်)

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15
Q

What is homologous series?

A

organic compound families with same features

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16
Q

General formula of Alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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17
Q

Homologous series containing OH functional gp

A

alcohol

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18
Q

General formula of Alcohol

A

CnH2n+1OH

naming——>____anol

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19
Q

What will happen to boiling point and melting point when chain length in homologous series get longer?

A

increased boiling point and melting point

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20
Q

What will happen to density & viscosity when chain length in homologous series get longer?

A

incredible viscosity & density

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21
Q

What will happen to flammability when chain length in homologous series get longer?

A

Decreased flammability (less easily burn)

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22
Q

Alcohol can be obtained from _____ of alkenes.

A

hydration of alkene

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23
Q

In alkane,First 4 molecules are ____ at room temperature.

A

C1-C4—>gases
C5-C16—>liquids
C17 above ——>solids

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24
Q

What is empirical formula?

A

simple whole number of atoms it contained

eg.ethane CH3

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25
Q

What is molecular formula?

A

actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
eg.ethane,C2H6

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26
Q

Molecular formula can be calculated from ______ and ______

A

molar mass and empirical formula

Molar mass=(molar mass of empirical formula)n

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27
Q

Shape of molecules with 4 single bonds b/w carbon atoms

A

Tetrahedral shape (109.5•)

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28
Q

Shape of molecules with double bonds b/w carbon atoms

A

Triangular planar shape(120•)

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29
Q

General formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n
naming—->____enes

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30
Q

General formula for alkynes

A

CnH2n-2
naming——>_____ynes

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31
Q

General formula for ether

A

R-O-R’
naming——>____ oxyalkane

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32
Q

General formula for aldehyde

A

R-CHO
naming——>____anal

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33
Q

General formula for ketone

A

R-CO-R’
naming——>_____anone

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34
Q

General formula for carboxylic acid

A

R-COOH
naming——>____anoic acid

35
Q

General formula for ester

A

R-COO-R’
naming——>____anoate

36
Q

Ester is formed by ______ reaction

A

Condensation or addition-elimination reaction

37
Q

Ester is formed by reaction b/w _____ and _____

A

acid and alcohol

naming-alcohol first,acid last
structure-alcohol last,acid first

38
Q

Catalyst used in ester formation

A

conc H2SO4

39
Q

Functional gp of amide

A

CONH2

naming——>____anamide

40
Q

Functional gp in amine

A

NH2

naming——>_____anamine

41
Q

Functional gp of nitrile

A

C=_N

naming——>anenitrile

42
Q

Functional gp of arene

A

phenyl(C6H5)

naming-_____benzene

43
Q

Function gp of thiol

A

R-SH

naming——>____thiol

44
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

molecules with the same molecular formula but diff structure

45
Q

Structural isomers of alkanes depends on_____

A

branching of carbon chain

46
Q

Structural isomers of alkenes depends on_____

A

-position of double bonds
-branching of carbon chains

47
Q

Structural isomers of alkynes depends on_____

A

-position of triple bonds
-branching of carbon chains

48
Q

What is functional gp isomer?

A

molecules containing same functional gp but different structures (becoming different compounds)

eg.ethanol and methoxymethane contains C2H6O but different structures
ethanol is alcohol and methoxymethane is ether

49
Q

What is primary carbon atom?

A

Carbon attaches to functional gp and at least 2H atoms(1 alkyl gp)

compound with primary carbon atom is called primary compound

50
Q

What is secondary carbon atom?

A

Carbon attaches to functional gp, 1H atom and 2 alkyl gp

compound with secondary carbon atom is called secondary compound

51
Q

What is tertiary carbon atom?

A

Carbon attaches to functional gp and 3 alkyl gp(no H)

compound with tertiary carbon atom is called tertiary compound

52
Q

Amines also have primary,secondary and tertiary compounds.
True or False?

A

True
depends on Nitrogen atom

53
Q

What are arenes?

A

organic compounds containing benzene ring(aka aromatic compounds)

54
Q

Benzene is saturated or unsaturated?

A

unsaturated but stable (unlike other unsaturated compounds)

(unsaturation is greater than alkenes than alkynes)

55
Q

Do benzene have isomers?

A

No

56
Q

Why benzene has stable structure?

A

Benzene-stable cyclic structure b/c of delocalized electron clouds

(lower internal energy and repulsion b/w e)

57
Q

Physical properties of straight chain compound

A

increased bp,mp and decrease volatility with increased numbers of carbon

(intermolecular forceများလို့)

58
Q

Physical properties of branched chain compound

A

decrease bp,mp and increase volatility with increased numbers of carbon

(intermolecular forceနည်းလို့)

59
Q

intermolecular force and boiling point

A

increased intermolecular force—->increased bp

60
Q

Organic compounds with most to least volatility

A

alkanes>halogenoalkanes>aldehyde>ketone>alcohol>carboxylic acid

alkane-most volatile
carboxylic acid-least volatile

61
Q

alkanes burn in excess O2 to give_____

A

carbon dioxide and water vapor with large amt of heat

Complete combustion

62
Q

Alkanes burn in less O2 to give _____

A

CO and water vapor (less heat)

incomplete combustion

63
Q

Combustion of alkanes is exo or endo?

A

exothermic

64
Q

Alkanes burn in extreme O2 to give _____

A

Carbon and water vapor

65
Q

alkanes have _____

A

low reactivity

C-C—->strong nonpolar bond
C-H——>requires large amt of energy to break

66
Q

All hydrocarbon compounds undergo combustion.True or false?

A

True

Unsaturated comp combustion smoke

increased unsaturation—-increased smokiness

67
Q

Can alkanes undergo addition reactions?

A

No

68
Q

What is substitution reaction of alkanes?

A

halogenation

Hydrogen is substituted by halogens(one by one)

69
Q

Substitution reaction of alkanes is_____ reaction

A

photochemical

takes place only in sunlight (Cl2 bond breakingလုပ်ဖို့sunlightလို)

70
Q

Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes and alkynes ) are very_____

A

reactive

71
Q

Alkenes can be made from _____ by _____ process

A

alkanes
Craking

ane——->ene+H2

72
Q

Addition reaction of alkenes

A

1)Addition of Hydrogen
2)Addition of water
3)Polymerization

73
Q

Addition of hydrogen in alkenes

A

alkenes + H2 ——> alkanes

74
Q

addition of water to alkenes

A

alkenes + H2O ——> alcohol

75
Q

Polymerization of alkenes

A

when alkenes monomers are bond to form polymers
eg.ethene polymers-polyethene

76
Q

Addition reaction can cause unsaturated compounds into _____

A

saturated compounds

77
Q

How can we test for unsaturation?

A

test with bromine water which is orange in water

when react with unsaturated compounds,it becomes colorless(addition reaction)

78
Q

Alcohol is produced biologically by

A

fermentation of glucose(sugar)

exothermic reaction

79
Q

Alcohol is produced chemically by _____

A

hydration of alkenes(ရေပေါင်း)

exothermic reaction

80
Q

Is ethanol can used as fuel?

A

yes

it burns in excess oxygen to give CO2,water and heat energy

81
Q

Organic acid can be obtained from _____

A

oxidation of alcohol

82
Q

Is carboxylic acid dissociate in water ?

A

Yes

but partially dissociate ( organic acid are weak acids)

83
Q

Organic acid react with metal,bases and carbonates to form____

A

salts

Chemistry (13 decks)

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