Organic Chemistry Flashcards by Yun Yadi

What is Organic compound?

Compound with C, H and covalent bonds

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What is hydrocarbon compound?

Compound containing only hydrogen and carbon

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What is saturated hydrocarbon?

hydrocarbon compounds containing only single bonds eg.Alkanes

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What is unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Hydrocarbons with double bonds or triple bonds
eg.alkenes,alkynes

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What is aliphatic compound?

compounds with no benzene ring;either saturated or unsaturated

eg.alkenes,alkynes

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What is aromatic compound?

compound with a benzene ring(phenyl gp);all unsaturated

eg.phenol

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What is electrophile compound?

compound which attracts electrons from electron-rich compounds
**Positive ions or partial positive charged compounds **

eg.NH4+,H+

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What is nucleophile?

compound that attracts electron-deficient compounds
negative ions or compounds with lone pair*

eg.Cl-,OH-,NH3

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Addition is the characteristic of _____ compounds.

unsaturated

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What is addition reaction?

2 reactants combine to form a single product

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Substitution os the characteristic of _____ and _____ compounds.

saturated
aromatic

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What is substitution reaction?

an atom or gp of atoms is replaced by an atom or different gp of atoms

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What is addition-elimination reaction?

also known as condensation reaction

It’s the reaction b/w 2 functional gps of reactants with loss of small molecules like water,HCl or NH3

eg.alcohol + carboxylic acid____ ester + H2O

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Types of bond breaking

1)Homolytic fission-shared pair of eကိုခွဲယူ(radicalထွက်)
2)Heterolytic fission-shared pair of electronegativityများတဲ့ကောင်ကယူသွား(partial chargeပေါ်)

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What is homologous series?

organic compound families with same features

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General formula of Alkanes

CnH2n+2

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Homologous series containing OH functional gp

alcohol

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General formula of Alcohol

CnH2n+1OH

naming——>____anol

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What will happen to boiling point and melting point when chain length in homologous series get longer?

increased boiling point and melting point

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What will happen to density & viscosity when chain length in homologous series get longer?

incredible viscosity & density

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What will happen to flammability when chain length in homologous series get longer?

Decreased flammability (less easily burn)

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Alcohol can be obtained from _____ of alkenes.

hydration of alkene

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In alkane,First 4 molecules are ____ at room temperature.

C1-C4—>gases
C5-C16—>liquids
C17 above ——>solids

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What is empirical formula?

simple whole number of atoms it contained

eg.ethane CH3

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What is molecular formula?

actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule eg.ethane,C2H6

Molecular formula can be calculated from ______ and ______

molar mass and empirical formula Molar mass=(molar mass of empirical formula)n

Shape of molecules with 4 single bonds b/w carbon atoms

Tetrahedral shape (109.5•)

Shape of molecules with double bonds b/w carbon atoms

Triangular planar shape(120•)

General formula for alkenes

CnH2n naming—->____enes

General formula for alkynes

CnH2n-2 naming——>_____ynes

General formula for ether

R-O-R’ naming——>____ oxyalkane

General formula for aldehyde

R-CHO naming——>____anal

General formula for ketone

R-CO-R’ naming——>_____anone

General formula for carboxylic acid

R-COOH naming——>____anoic acid

General formula for ester

R-COO-R’ naming——>____anoate

Ester is formed by ______ reaction

Condensation or addition-elimination reaction

Ester is formed by reaction b/w _____ and _____

acid and alcohol naming-alcohol first,acid last structure-alcohol last,acid first

Catalyst used in ester formation

conc H2SO4

Functional gp of amide

CONH2 naming——>____anamide

Functional gp in amine

NH2 naming——>_____anamine

Functional gp of nitrile

C=_N naming——>anenitrile

Functional gp of arene

phenyl(C6H5) naming-_____benzene

Function gp of thiol

R-SH naming——>____thiol

What are structural isomers?

molecules with the same molecular formula but diff structure

Structural isomers of alkanes depends on_____

branching of carbon chain

Structural isomers of alkenes depends on_____

-position of double bonds -branching of carbon chains

Structural isomers of alkynes depends on_____

-position of triple bonds -branching of carbon chains

What is functional gp isomer?

molecules containing same functional gp but different structures (becoming different compounds) eg.ethanol and methoxymethane contains C2H6O but different structures ethanol is alcohol and methoxymethane is ether

What is primary carbon atom?

Carbon attaches to functional gp and at least 2H atoms(1 alkyl gp) compound with primary carbon atom is called primary compound

What is secondary carbon atom?

Carbon attaches to functional gp, 1H atom and 2 alkyl gp compound with secondary carbon atom is called secondary compound

What is tertiary carbon atom?

Carbon attaches to functional gp and 3 alkyl gp(no H) compound with tertiary carbon atom is called tertiary compound

Amines also have primary,secondary and tertiary compounds. True or False?

True depends on Nitrogen atom

What are arenes?

organic compounds containing benzene ring(aka aromatic compounds)

Benzene is saturated or unsaturated?

unsaturated but stable (unlike other unsaturated compounds) (unsaturation is greater than alkenes than alkynes)

Do benzene have isomers?

Why benzene has stable structure?

Benzene-stable cyclic structure b/c of delocalized electron clouds (lower internal energy and repulsion b/w e)

Physical properties of straight chain compound

increased bp,mp and decrease volatility with increased numbers of carbon (intermolecular forceများလို့)

Physical properties of branched chain compound

decrease bp,mp and increase volatility with increased numbers of carbon (intermolecular forceနည်းလို့)

intermolecular force and boiling point

increased intermolecular force—->increased bp

Organic compounds with most to least volatility

alkanes>halogenoalkanes>aldehyde>ketone>alcohol>carboxylic acid alkane-most volatile carboxylic acid-least volatile

alkanes burn in excess O2 to give_____

carbon dioxide and water vapor with large amt of heat Complete combustion

Alkanes burn in less O2 to give _____

CO and water vapor (less heat) incomplete combustion

Combustion of alkanes is exo or endo?

exothermic

Alkanes burn in extreme O2 to give _____

Carbon and water vapor

alkanes have _____

low reactivity C-C—->strong nonpolar bond C-H——>requires large amt of energy to break

All hydrocarbon compounds undergo combustion.True or false?

True Unsaturated comp combustion smoke increased unsaturation—-increased smokiness

Can alkanes undergo addition reactions?

What is substitution reaction of alkanes?

halogenation Hydrogen is substituted by halogens(one by one)

Substitution reaction of alkanes is_____ reaction

photochemical takes place only in sunlight (Cl2 bond breakingလုပ်ဖို့sunlightလို)

Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes and alkynes ) are very_____

reactive

Alkenes can be made from _____ by _____ process

alkanes Craking ane——->ene+H2

Addition reaction of alkenes

1)Addition of Hydrogen 2)Addition of water 3)Polymerization

Addition of hydrogen in alkenes

alkenes + H2 ——> alkanes

addition of water to alkenes

alkenes + H2O ——> alcohol

Polymerization of alkenes

when alkenes monomers are bond to form polymers eg.ethene polymers-polyethene

Addition reaction can cause unsaturated compounds into _____

saturated compounds

How can we test for unsaturation?

test with bromine water which is orange in water when react with unsaturated compounds,it becomes colorless(addition reaction)

Alcohol is produced biologically by

fermentation of glucose(sugar) exothermic reaction

Alcohol is produced chemically by _____

hydration of alkenes(ရေပေါင်း) exothermic reaction

Is ethanol can used as fuel?

yes it burns in excess oxygen to give CO2,water and heat energy

Organic acid can be obtained from _____

oxidation of alcohol

Is carboxylic acid dissociate in water ?

Yes but partially dissociate ( organic acid are weak acids)

Organic acid react with metal,bases and carbonates to form____

salts