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Equilibrium Flashcards

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1
Q

During a chemical change,there is always ________

A

an energy change

(energy take in or give off in the form of heat)

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2
Q

Two types of chemical reaction

A

Exothermic(Give out energy)
Endothermic(Take in energy)

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3
Q

What is exothermic?

A

Exothermic reaction give off energy(i.e.temperature rise)

Reactants——>Products + Energy

Products have lower energy than the reactants

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4
Q

Which unit is used for energy change?

A

Kilojoule(kJ)

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5
Q

What is the sign of the energy in exothermic reaction?

A

Minus

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6
Q

Examples of exothermic reactions

A

Cellular respiration
Neutralization of acids by alkalis
combustion of fuels

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7
Q

What is endothermic reaction?

A

Endothermic reaction take in energy from their surroundings.

Reactants+energy—->Products

In endothermic reaction,the product has the greater energy than the reactant

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8
Q

What is the sign of energy change in endothermic reaction?

A

Plus

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9
Q

All of the endothermic reactions are spontaneous. True or False?

A

False,some are spontaneous but most requires energy must be supplied to start the reaction and keep it going

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10
Q

Examples of endothermic reactions

A

Cooking
Photosynthesis

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11
Q

Breaking bond______

A

require energy

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12
Q

Making bond____

A

Release energy

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13
Q

If the energy required to break the bond is less than the energy released to make the bond,what is the reaction?

A

Exothermic reaction

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14
Q

If the energy required to break the bond is greater than the energy released to make the bond,what is the reaction?

A

endothermic

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15
Q

What is bond energy?

A

The energy required to break bond or released energy when these bonds form.

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16
Q

Unit of bond energy

A

kJ/mole

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17
Q

What is fuel?

A

A substance that provide energy

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18
Q

Fossil fuels

A

Coal
Petroleum
Natural gas(CH4)

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19
Q

Nuclear fuel

A

They are not burned and contain radioisotope to release energy

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20
Q

Most common type of nuclear fuel

A

Uranium-235

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21
Q

What is electricity?

A

Form of energy is a current of electron .

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22
Q

Reactivity series

A

Please Stop Calling Me A Careless Zebra Instead Learn How Copper May Save Gold

K
Na
Ca
Mg
Al
C
Zn
I
Ph
H
Cu
Mg
Ag
Au

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23
Q

What contains in simple cell?

A

Two metals and electrolyte

Negative pole(e flow),
Positive pole
electrolytes

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24
Q

Negative pole is made of more reactive metal or less reactive metal?

A

More reactive metal

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25
Q

what instrument is used to measure voltage?

A

Voltmeter

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26
Q

Hydrogen fuel cell

A

Negative pole(donate e)
Positive pole(accept e)
Electrolyte(Contains OH- ion)

Both pole are made of carbon
Negative pole is surrounded by H2 and positive pole is surrounded by O2

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27
Q

Water in Cu2SO4 is called

A

Water of crystallization

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28
Q

What is hydrated molecule?

A

It has water molecules in its structure

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29
Q

What is anhydrous molecule?

A

There is no water in its structure

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30
Q

What is reversible reaction?

A

Contains forward reaction and backward reaction

exothermic reaction in one direction and endothermic reaction in other.The same amount of energy is transferred each time.

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31
Q

Important reversible reactions

A

N2+3H2—->2NH3 (ammonia is used to make nitric acid and fertilizer)

2SO2+O2——>2SO3 ((Manufacture of sulfuric acid)

CaCO3——>CaO+CO2(thermal decomposition reaction CaO=Lime stone has many uses)

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32
Q

What is dynamic equilibrium?

A

Equilibrium means no overall change
Dynamic means continual change occurs

In a closed system,a reversible reaction reaches at a state of dynamic equilibrium,where the forward reaction and reverse reaction takes place at same rate.So there is no overall change.

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33
Q

How to shift equilibrium?

A

1)Change the temperature
2)Change the pressure
3)Remove the product
4)Adding a catalyst

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34
Q

Shifting equilibrium of reversible reaction in GASES

A

1)Forward reaction——>exothermic
Increase in temperature will decrease the product

2)Forward reaction——->Endothermic
Increase the temperature will increase the product

3)Increase the pressure will increase the product due to the more contacts between the reactants leading to more collisions

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35
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A catalyst speed up the forward and backward reaction so the reaction reaches equivalent faster.

But catalyst do not effect the amount of reactant and product

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36
Q

Shifting equilibrium in reversible reaction in aqueous solution

A

By adding more reactant,more products will produced(increasing the concentration)

By changing the temperature .
Increase temperature increases the rate of endothermic reaction

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37
Q

A change in temperature always shifts the equilibrium.True or False?

A

True

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38
Q

A change in pressure will always shift the equilibrium.True or False?

A

False
A change in pressure will shift equilibrium if the number of molecules is different in each side of equation.

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39
Q

Raising temperature and pressure only increases the forward reaction.True or false?

A

False it increases the rate of both forward and reverse reactions

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40
Q

Equilibrium can be occurred in both _____ systems and _____chemical systems

A

Physical Eg.Br2(l)——>Br2(g)
Chemical Eg.H2+ I2——>2HI

41
Q

What is forward reaction?

A

Reaction from left to right

42
Q

What is reverse reaction?

A

Reaction from right to left

43
Q

Features of equilibrium

A

1)Dynamic state
2)Only in closed system
3)Concentration of reactants and products remains constant
4)No change in macroscopic properties
5)Can be reached in both directions

44
Q

Concentration of both reactants and products are equal in equilibrium.True or false?

A

False
the concentration of reactants and products remains constant but not equal

45
Q

What is equilibrium mixture?

A

A mixture of products and reactants in closed system at equilibrium

46
Q

What is Equilibrium position ?

A

Proportion of reactants and products in the equilibrium mixture is called equilibrium position

47
Q

Equilibrium mixture contains predominantly products lies to the_____

A

Right

48
Q

Equilibrium mixture contains predominantly reactants lies to the_____

A

left

49
Q

What is Equilibrium constant,Kc?

A

A number that expresses the relationship between amounts of reactants and products present at the equilibrium in a reversible reaction at given temperature

50
Q

Do Kc value constant?

A

No,Kc has a fixed value for particular reactions at specific temperature

51
Q

The only thing that can change the value of Kc is

A

Temperature

52
Q

State equilibrium constant expression

A

aA+bB——->cC+dD

Kc=[C]c • [D]d / [A]a • [B]b

Product ပိုင်းဝေ/reactant ပိုင်းခြေ
power___eqမှာပါတဲ့coefficient
reactant or productတစ်ခုထက်ပိုရင်မြှောက်

53
Q

High Kc means

A

Reaction shift to the right,so more products than reactants

54
Q

Low Kc values mean

A

reaction shift to left,so more reactants than products

55
Q

Can we determine the rate of reaction by the value of Kc?

A

No,we can only know the equilibrium mixture at the point

56
Q

How can we find reaction quotient,Q?

A

If the concentration value of reactants and products at certain time is substituted in equilibrium constant expression,we can get the reaction quotient value.

57
Q

What does it mean, the value of Q=Kc?

A

reaction at the equilibrium,no net reaction occurs

58
Q

What does it mean, the value of Q<Kc?

A

Reaction will shift to the right(more product will produced)

59
Q

What does it mean, the value of Q>Kc?

A

Reaction will shift to the left(more reactants will be formed)

60
Q

What can we know from the value of Q?

A

The direction of Kc

61
Q

How Kc value is change for inverse reaction?

A

Inverse reaction,the products as reactants and vice versa. So the equilibrium constant is Kc’

Kc’=1/Kc or Kc^-1

Kc=[C]c • [D]d / [A]a • [B]b

Kc’=[A]a • [B]b/ [C]c •[D]d

62
Q

How Kc value is change if we double the reaction coefficient?

A

Kc^2

63
Q

How Kc value is change if we tripling the reaction coefficient?

A

Kc^3

64
Q

How Kc value is change if we half the reaction coefficient?

A

square root of Kc

65
Q

How Kc value is change if we add 2 reaction?

A

Kc^i • Kc^ii

66
Q

What is Le Chatelier’s Principle?

A

When a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change,the system will respond in such a way to minimize the effect of the change

67
Q

How equilibrium change if the concentration of the one of the reactant is increase?

A

The rate of forward reaction increases and more product will formed

The rate of backward reaction unchanged
Kc value unchanged

68
Q

How equilibrium change if the concentration of the one of the reactant is decrease?

A

The rate of backward reaction increases and more reactants will formed

The rate of forward reaction unchanged
Kc value unchanged

69
Q

How equilibrium change if the concentration of the one of the product is increase?

A

The rate of backward reaction increases and more reactants will formed

The rate of forward reaction unchanged
Kc value unchanged

70
Q

How equilibrium change if the concentration of the one of the product is decrease?

A

The rate of backward reaction decreases and more products will formed

The rate of forward reaction unchanged
Kc value unchanged

71
Q

How increasing pressure effects on equilibrium?

A

If the product side have less molecules than reactants side,higher pressure will govern the reaction to the right and more product will be formed.

72
Q

How decreasing pressure effects on equilibrium?

A

If the product side have less molecules than reactants side,lower pressure will govern the reaction to the left and more reactants will be formed.

73
Q

Do Kc value change when presses is applied to the equilibrium?

A

no Kc value remains constant

74
Q

Do Kc value change if the temperature is changing?

A

Yes Kc value depends on temperature

75
Q

If the forward reaction is exothermic reaction,how temperature affect on equilibrium?

A

increase temperature——reaction shift to left and less product is formed(Kc value decreases)

decrease temperature——reaction shift to right and more product is formed(Kc value increases )

76
Q

If the forward reaction is endothermic reaction,how temperature affect on equilibrium?

A

increase temperature——reaction shift to right and more product is formed(Kc value increases)

decrease temperature——reaction shift to left and less product is formed(Kc value decreases)

77
Q

Increased temperature effects on endothermic and exothermic(Forward reaction only)

A

Increased temperature in exothermic—-decreased product(Kc decrease)

Increased temperature in endothermic—-decreased product (Kc increases)

78
Q

Do catalyst change the position of equilibrium?

A

No

79
Q

Do catalyst change the amount of product and reactant?

A

No

80
Q

Do catalyst change the value of Kc?

A

No

81
Q

How catalyst work?

A

lowering the activation energy of equilibrium mixture leading to reach the equilibrium more quickly

82
Q

Equilibrium is changed by

A

1)Concentrations change
2)Pressure(no of gas molecules ပေါ်မူတည်)
3)Temperature

83
Q

Value of Kc is changed by

A

Temperature

84
Q

What is Haber process?

A

Production of ammonia,NH3

85
Q

Haver process equation

A

N2+3H2____2NH3

86
Q

Haber process is exothermic or endothermic?

A

Exothermic

87
Q

Which factor can change the Haber reaction?

A

Concentration
Pressure:product side has less molecules than reactant side
Temperature :Forward reaction exothermic
Catalyst

88
Q

Concentration changes in Haber Process

A

Remove NH3 so the concentration of reaction decreases that cause more products formation

89
Q

Pressure change in Haber Process

A

Product side have less molecules than reactants side.So higher pressure will lead to more product formation

2•10^7 Pa is used

90
Q

Temperature Changes in Haber Process

A

Forward exothermic reaction
So decreasing the temperature will lead to more product formation

450•C is used

91
Q

Catalyst used in Haber Process

A

Finely divided Iron + Aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide

92
Q

What is Contact process?

A

Production of sulfuric acid

93
Q

Contact process equation

A

2SO2+O2____2SO3

94
Q

Contact process is exothermic or endothermic?

A

Exothermic

95
Q

Which factor can change The Contact Process?

A

Pressure:product side has less molecules than reactant side
Temperature :Forward reaction exothermic
Catalyst

96
Q

Pressure changes in Contact Process

A

Product side have less molecules than reactants side.So higher pressure will lead to more product formation

2•10^5 Pa is used

97
Q

Temperature changes in Contact Process

A

Forward exothermic reaction
So decreasing the temperature will lead to more product formation

450•C is used

98
Q

Catalyst used in Contact Process

A

Vanadium (V) oxide

Chemistry (13 decks)

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