Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is Organic Chemistry

Answer 1

Chemistry involving hydrocarbons; or molecules w/ mostly C and H atoms

Question 2

Ways to draw organic compounds

Answer 2

Formula (C6H14)
Lewis structure (H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Skeletal structure using lines for bonds and vertexes/points for carbons

Question 3

What are Isomers

Answer 3

Organic compounds with the same formula but different arrangement of atoms

Question 4

What are the different types of isomers

Answer 4

Structural, positional, functional group, chain and stereoisomers

Question 5

Stereo isomers

Answer 5

Molecules which have the same atoms connected to each other but different arrangements in space (Are 3D)

Question 6

Geometric isomers

Answer 6

Isomers w/ double or triple bonds which differ in the arrangements in space and can’t be moved much like singe bonds can

Question 7

Cis

Answer 7

A compound with functional groups of chains on the same side

Question 8

Trans

Answer 8

A compound with functional groups of chains on opposite sides

Question 9

Structural isomer

Answer 9

Changes the structure of the compound

Question 10

Positional isomer

Answer 10

Changes functional group position
(From 1,2 to 1,3 Dibromopropane)

Question 11

Functional group isomer

Answer 11

Changes type of functional group(s)
(Same elements, diff functional groups)

Question 12

Optical isomers

Answer 12

A carbon with 4 functional groups that can form an isomer where the images cannot overlay

Question 13

What is Infrared Spectroscopy

Answer 13

An interaction between matter and light (Electromagnetic radiation) that shows what type of functional groups a compound has

Question 14

What trends show up on an infrared spectrum for different functional groups

Answer 14

C-H bond: 2850-3100; deep straight dip
O-H bond: 2500-3650 ; deep, wide, and curved dip
C=O bond: 1640-1759
C and triple bonded N: 2200-2250
Carbon ring: less than 1200; many narrow and deep dips

Question 15

What is the substitition reaction of alkanes

Answer 15

Free radical substitution

Question 16

Steps to a free radical substitution

Answer 16

Step 0, Initiation step, Propagation step, and Termination step

Question 17

What are free radical(s)

Answer 17

Atoms or molecules with an unpaired electron

Question 18

What is a saturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 18

A hydrocarbon w/ only single bonds
(C — C)

Question 19

What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Answer 19

Hydrocarbons with two double bonded carbons (C=C)

Question 20

What is an empirical formula? At

Answer 20

Shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound (Ex. H2O, HO2CCO2H, CaC2O4)

Question 21

KMnO4 is…

Answer 21

Potassium Maganate (Adds oxygen/ oxidizes a compound)

Question 22

Energy change formula = ?

Answer 22

mc delta T

Question 23

How are orbitals in an atom organized?

Answer 23

Different layers around the nucleus called electron shells, each growing bigger in size and energy the farther away from the nucleus

Question 24

Shell levels are organized how?

Answer 24

1st shell - Contain 2 electrons and only 1s

2nd shell - Contain 8 electrons, has one 2s orbital and a three 2p orbitals

3rd shell - Contains 8 but can also hold up to 18, has a 3s, three 3p orbitals, and five 3D orbitals

Question 25

What’s the order of energy orbitals from least to greatest?

Answer 25

1s(2), 2s, 2p(6), 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d(10), 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f (14), 5d, 6p, 5f, 6d, 6f