Halogens And Haloalkanes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the test with Silver nitrate (AgNO3) supposed to do?

A

Used to identify which hydrogen halide is present in a solution

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2
Q

What precipitation gets produced as a result of the Silver nitrate test?

A

Fluorine: No precipitation
Chlorine: White precipitate
Bromide: Cream precipitate
Iodine: Pale yellow precipitate

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3
Q

What is the role of the nitric acid used in silver nitrate?

A

To react with any carbonates (CO3/2) to prevent the silver from reacting with it to make Ag2CO3 and mask the desired result

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4
Q

How can the different precipitates be differentiated from each other if the colors look too similar?

A

Treating the precipitates with ammonia (NH3)
Results are:
F = Won’t have a precipitate
Cl = Use dilute ammonia (Easily diluted)
Br = Use concentrated ammonia (Difficult to dilute)
I = No reaction due to being to hard to dissolve with ammonia

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5
Q

How do all halogens exist?

A

As diatomic molecules (can’t be by themselves due to being too reactive and unstable as free radicals)

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6
Q

What are the main colors of each halogen in solid, liquid, or gas form?

A

Fluorine: Pale yellow (g)
Chlorine: Pale green/greenish (g), Clear when reacting w/ others
Bromine: Red (l), Brown/Orange(g), sometimes Yellow
Iodine: Grey(s), Purple(g), and Brown

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7
Q

What’s a good way to think of displacement reactions of halogens with other halogens?

A

Like how light reflects a specific color and absorbs others, same with displacement reactions where the color of the end of a reaction shows which free radical halogen is in the solution and which halogen was displaced

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8
Q

What are oxidizing agents?

A

Electron acceptors that take electrons from others and make them positive, decrease down halogen group

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9
Q

How do halogens displace each other in reactions?

A

The stronger/more electronegative/stronger oxidizer agent will displace/replace a lower oxidizing power (F>Cl, Cl>Br, etc.)

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10
Q

Colors of solution in test tube showing free halogens

A

Cl = Pale green/Clear
Br = Yellow
I = Brown

(Organic: Cl = no color, Br = Yellow, I = Purple)

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