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CHEM 1082 > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

methane

A

straight-chain alkane

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2
Q

ethane

A

straight-chain alkane

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3
Q

propane

A

straight-chain alkane

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4
Q

butane

A

straight-chain alkane

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5
Q

pentane

A

straight-chain alkane

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6
Q

hexane

A

straight-chain alkane

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7
Q

heptane

A

straight-chain alkane

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8
Q

octane

A

straight-chain alkane

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9
Q

nonane

A

straight-chain alkane

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10
Q

decane

A

straight-chain alkane

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11
Q

halo substituent -F

A

fluoro

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12
Q

halo substituent -Cl

A

chloro

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13
Q

halo substituent -Br

A

bromo

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14
Q

halo substituent -I

A

iodo

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15
Q

nitro substituent -NO2

A

nitro

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16
Q

substitutes that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms that are connected by single bonds

A

Alkyl groups

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17
Q

methyl

A

straight-chain alkyl groups

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18
Q

ethyl

A

straight-chain alkyl groups

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19
Q

propyl

A

straight-chain alkyl groups

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20
Q

butyl

A

straight-chain alkyl groups

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21
Q

pentyl

A

straight-chain alkyl groups

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22
Q

hexyl

A

straight-chain alkyl groups

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23
Q

when the main chain of a molecule has attached alkyl groups, the molecule is…

A

branched

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24
Q

if a molecule contains at least one ring made entirely of carbon atoms, then a ring could establish the root as a…

A

cycloalkane

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25
Q

an oxygen atom joins two alkyl groups, R and R’

A

ether

26
Q

alkyl group + oxygen

A

alkoxy group

27
Q

non superimposable molecules that have the same connectivity but differ by rotations about single bonds

A

Conformational Isomers

28
Q

a 2-D representation of a molecule viewed down the bond of interest

A

Newman Projection

29
Q

a plot of molecule’s energy as a function of one or more of its dihedral angles

A

Conformational analysis

30
Q

a rotational geometry in which the bonds to the front atom in a Newman Projection cover or “eclipse” the bonds to the rear atom; possess torsional strains

A

Eclipsed conformations

31
Q

a geometry in which each single bond on the front carbon atom in a Newman Projection bisects a pair of single bonds on the rear carbon; does NOT possess torsional strain

A

Staggered conformations

32
Q

an increase in energy that appears in an eclipsed conformation

A

Torsional strain

33
Q

the amount of energy needed to convert one conformer into another by rotation about a specified bond

A

Rotational Energy Barrier

34
Q

an increase in energy that results from electron repulsion between atoms or groups of atoms that are not directly bonded together but occupy the same space

A

Steric Strain

35
Q

bulky groups are 180 degrees apart in Newman projection; do NOT contribute steric strain; lower energy = preferred

A

Anti conformation

36
Q

bulky groups are 60 degrees apart in Newman projection; contribute steric strain

A

Gauche conformation

37
Q

the increase in energy due to geometric constraints of the bonds and substituents involved in a ring; partly responsible for the instability of rings other than 5- and 6- membered ones

A

Ring Strain

38
Q

a cyclohexane geometry in which all bond angles of the ring are about 111 degrees and all C-C bonds are staggered

A

Chair Confirmation

39
Q

lowest-energy geometry of cyclopentane where 4 of its 5 carbon atoms lie essentially in one plane, with the fifth carbon outside that plane; geometry resembles an envelope

A

Envelope Confirmation

40
Q

bonds that lie almost in the plane that is roughly defined by the ring and point outward from the center of the ring

A

Equatorial bonds

41
Q

bonds that are perpendicular to the plane

A

Axial bonds

42
Q

process of single-bond rotations that convert one chair conformation of cyclohexane into the other; converts axial H+ into equatorial H+ and vice versa

A

Chair flip

43
Q

steric strain resulting from atoms or groups of atoms attached to C-1 and C-4 of cyclohexane in its boat conformations

A

Flagpole interactions

44
Q

the result when one of the hydrogen atoms in cyclohexane is replaced by another substituent; decrease in energy when the substituent occupies an equatorial position

A

Mono-substituted cyclohexane

45
Q

two different molecules with same molecular formula

A

Isomer

46
Q

rotational differences around a C-C sigma bond

A

Conformer

47
Q

the ring is depicted as being planar and bonds to the substituents are drawn perpendicular to the plane

A

Haworth Projection

48
Q

have the same molecular formula but differ in their connectivity; must have the same total number of pi bonds and rings

A

Constitutional Isomers

49
Q

a sugar whose carbonyl group involves a terminal C, characteristic of an aldehyde

A

Aldose

50
Q

a sugar whose carbonyl group involves an internal C, characteristic of a ketone

A

Ketose

51
Q

molecule with just one C=C double bond

A

Monounsaturated

52
Q

more than one C=C double bond

A

Polyunsaturated

53
Q

one of the naturally occurring fatty acids that cannot be synthesized in the human body by any known chemical pathway; instead, it must be consumed

A

Essential fatty acids

54
Q

(# of H’s missing from fully saturated)/2

A

index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD)

55
Q

molecular species that have the same connectivity but differ in a way other than by rotations about single bonds

A

Configurational isomers

56
Q

configurational isomers that are mirror images of each other

A

Enantiomers

57
Q

configurational isomers that are not mirror images of each other

A

Diasteromers

58
Q

describes two molecules for which there is no orientation such that all atoms of both molecules can be superimposed

A

Nonsuperimposable

59
Q

if a molecule has an enantiomer

A

Chiral

60
Q

if a molecule does not have an enantiomer

A

Achiral

61
Q

a plane that bisects a molecule in such a way that one half of the molecule is the mirror image of the other half; a molecule that has this must be achiral

A

Plane of Symmetry

CHEM 1082 (6 decks)

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