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Chemistry > Organic chemistry > Flashcards

Organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

How is crude oil created

A

Remains of an ancient biomass consisting of plankton that was buried in mud

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2
Q

What is crude oil

A

A mixture of molecules called hydrocarbons

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3
Q

What are hydrocarbons

A

Molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms

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4
Q

What’s the general formula of alkanes

A

Cn H2n+2

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5
Q

Why are alkanes saturated molecules

A

Because carbon atoms are fully bonded to Hydrogen atoms

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6
Q

What is viscosity

A

The thickness of A fluid

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7
Q

What is a high viscosity

A

When a fluid moves slowly

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8
Q

What happens to viscosity as the size of hydrocarbon molecules increase

A

The molecules get more viscous

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9
Q

What happens to the flammability of hydrocarbon molecules as they increase

A

The molecules get less flammable

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10
Q

As the size of hydrocarbon molecules increase what happens To the boiling point

A

The boiling point increases

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11
Q

What do hydrocarbon fuels do when combusted

A

Release energy

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12
Q

What happens in fractional distillation

A

Crude oil is separated into fractions

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13
Q

What’s the first stage of fractional distillation

A

The hydrocarbons evaporate and turn into a gas

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14
Q

What’s the second stage of fractional distillation

A

The crude oil vapour is now fed into the fractional distillation Column

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15
Q

What’s the third stage of fractional distillation

A

The hydrocarbon vapours rise up the columns

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16
Q

What’s the fourth stage of fractional distillation

A

The hydrocarbons condense when they reach the boiling point

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17
Q

What is used in catalytic cracking

A

High temperature and a catalyst

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18
Q

What is used in steam Cracking

A

High temperature and steam

19
Q

What are alkenes

A

Hydrocarbons with a double one between two carbon atoms

20
Q

What are Alkenes used for

A

To make polymers and as a starter material for other chemicals

21
Q

How do you test for alkenes

A

When you shake an alkene with bromine water it should form a colourless solution

22
Q

Why Are alkenes unsaturated

A

Because they contain two fewer hydrogen atoms than the alkane with the same number of carbon atoms

23
Q

What’s the products of the combustion of alkenes

A

Carbon dioxide, water and carbon

24
Q

What is the result of reacting alkenes with hydrogen

A

It produces an alkane

25
Q

What’s the result of the reaction of water and alkenes

A

Alcohol

26
Q

What is the conditions needed for hydration

A

The water must be steam
Temperature must be around 300°C
Pressure around 70 atm
Phosphoric acid is used as a catalyst

27
Q

What is the result of an alkenes reacting with halogens

A

di - halogen - alkene

28
Q

How do you produce a carboxylic acid

A

Reacting an oxidising agent and an alcohol

29
Q

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids

A

COOH

30
Q

In water what type of acid is a carboxylic acid

A

Weak acid

31
Q

Why are carboxylic acids weak in water

A

They only partially ionise

32
Q

What does the reaction of carboxylic acids with metal carbonates produce

A

Salt, water and carbon dioxide

33
Q

How are esters produced

A

By reacting a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

34
Q

What does an ester require as a catalyst

A

Sulphuric acid

35
Q

What is a polymer

A

They are the joining together of thousands of small, identical molecules

36
Q

What is a monomer

A

The identical molecules that make up polymers

37
Q

What are the monomers in addition polymerisation

A

Alkenes

38
Q

What is condensation polymerisation

A

When monomers react to form condensation polymers and produces small molecule such as water as well

39
Q

What’s the structural formula of glycine

A

H2NCH2COOH

40
Q

What is the polypeptide polymer

A

A polymer made from only one type of amino acids

41
Q

What is a protein

A

The combination of Different amino acids

42
Q

What is DNA

A

A polymer that encodes the genetic instructions are living organisms need to develop and to function

43
Q

What are nucleotides

A

The two polymer chains made from monomers From DNA

44
Q

What are examples of natural polymers

A

Protein starch cellulose

Chemistry (14 decks)

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