Organic Chemistry Flashcards
inorganic molecules
lack carbon atoms and carbon-hydrogen bonds
organic molecules
have carbon atoms and at least one carbon-hydrogen bond
why is carbon important
it makes bond and can even make up to 4 bonds
a carbon/hydrogen skeleton/backbone is
carbon atoms bonded with hydrogen atoms in a specific shape
what is a consistency in all 4 organic molecules
all are made of monomers
a monomer is
the smallest unit of a macromolecule which still has the properties of that macromolecule
what are the three main parts in monomers
carbon/hydrogen backbone - functional group - side group/r group
carbon/hydrogen backbone is
foundation for other molecules to attach to
functional group
gives the entire monomer a function
side group
gives each monomer its identity
polymer is
many monomers bonded together to make a big molecule
how a polymer behaves is based on what
its shape
dehydration synthesis
removes water to bond monomer chunks into a big polymer (think dehydration - remove water synthesis - bring together)
hydrolysis
add water to break polymer into monomer (think hydro - water lysis - break apart)
what are the four molecules of life
carbohydrates - proteins - nucleic acids - lipids
what is the monomer for carbohydrates
monosaccharide
example of a monosaccharide
glucose
what is the polymer of carbohydrates
polysaccharide
two examples of polysaccharides
cellulose and starch
what is the monomer of proteins
amino acid
what must happen to the amino acid monomer chunks in order for it to be useful
the primary structure must be folded
what is the polymer of proteins
polypeptide
what is the monomer of nucleic acids
a nucleotide
what are the two example of the nucleotides bonding together to make polymers
DNA - deoxyribose nucleic acid
RBA - ribose nucleic acid
what are the monomers for lipids
glycerol AND fatty acid chain
what is a fatty acid chain
a chain of carbon and hydrogen bonded together
if shape determines the function of the lipid, what determines the classification
saturated/unsaturated
what are the three polymers for lipids
saturated - unsaturated - phospholipid
which lipid fat has every carbon atom bonded as many hydrogen atoms as possible
saturated
which lipid fat has a double bond between carbon atoms and prevents every carbon from being as full of hydrogen as possible
unsaturated
what are the phospholipid parts
hydrophilic head - glycerol group and functional group - hydrophilic tails
Tip for saturated and unsaturated, one is kinked one is straight
saturated is straight and stable - unsaturated is kinked and fluffy
