Chemistry Basics

Question 1

what is an atomic number and where is it found on the table of elements

Answer 1

the number of protons which is the top whole number of each box

Question 2

what is atomic mass and where is it found on the table of elements

Answer 2

the total number of protons and neutrons found on the bottom of each box and usually has a decimal

Question 3

What are the three parts of an atom

Answer 3

proton, neutron, and electron

Question 4

where can electrons be found

Answer 4

an electron shell

Question 5

describe the three electron shells

Answer 5

1st shell is full with 2 electrons while the 2nd and 3rd are full with 8 electrons

Question 6

what happens when an atom has a full outer electron shell

Answer 6

it’s more stable and less likely to bond

Question 7

what happens if an atom has an unfilled outer electron shell

Answer 7

it’s less stable and more likely to bond

Question 8

Tip to remember: outer shell - full? no?

Answer 8

wanna bond?

Question 9

what are the 6 atoms found in all living things (CHNOPS)

Answer 9

carbon - hydrogen - nitrogen - oxygen - phosphorus - sulfur

Question 10

what do i mean when i say CHNOPS all have unfilled outer shells

Answer 10

they all want to bond, living things are all about making/breaking bonds

Question 11

what are the three main bonds and their strength level strongest to weakest (ICH)

Answer 11

ionic - covalent - hydrogen

Question 12

an ionic bond is

Answer 12

atoms giving or receiving electrons

Question 13

the goal of an ionic bond is

Answer 13

stability

Question 14

what do the atoms become once they engage in an ionic bond

Answer 14

they become ions

Question 15

an ion is

Answer 15

a charged atom because the atom gave up or took in an electron

Question 16

a covalent bond is

Answer 16

atoms sharing electrons

Question 17

what is the downside to covalent bonding

Answer 17

it’s not always equal sharing between electrons

Question 18

a polar molecule is

Answer 18

a molecule which has different charges on different sides

Question 19

hydrogen bonding is

Answer 19

the bond between hydrogen and hydrogens bonding into other atoms

Question 20

what are the three properties of water

Answer 20

solvent - cohesive - adhesive

Question 21

when water dissolves other substances or that water can break bonds of other substances

Answer 21

solvent (think solve - dissolve) (then think dissolve is breaking)

Question 22

when molecules stick together (water sticks to water)

Answer 22

cohesive (think water sticks to water in the c)

Question 23

when the molecules stick to other stuff (other molecules)

Answer 23

adhesive (think water sticks to A-ll)

Question 24

hydrophobic

Answer 24

substance repels water ):

Question 25

hydrophilic

Answer 25

substance is attracted to water <3

Question 26

solution is

Answer 26

solute and solvent

Question 27

solute is

Answer 27

minor component (think solute to the minor cap)

Question 28

solvent is

Answer 28

major component

Question 29

what does water break apart into

Answer 29

H+ and OH-

Question 30

H+ is

Answer 30

hydrogen

Question 31

OH- is

Answer 31

hydroxide

Question 32

the ratio in an acid

Answer 32

MORE H+ less OH-

Question 33

the ratio of a base

Answer 33

less H+ MORE OH-

Question 34

the ratio of a neutral

Answer 34

PERFECT ratio of H+ and OH-

Question 35

what happens if a buffer works on an acid

Answer 35

it’s going t stop the acid by grabbing onto the H+ ions

Question 36

what happens if a buffer works on a base

Answer 36

it’ll grab OH- or release H+ ions to stop the base

Question 37

Tip: if 7 is neutral which way is base and which way is acid

Answer 37

acid is any number lower than 7 and a base is any number higher than 7