Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Define boiling point.
The temperature at which the vapour pressure of a substance is equal to the external atmospheric pressure.
Define melting point.
The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are at equilibrium.
Define what vapour pressure means.
The pressure exerted by a vapour at equilibrium with its liquid in closed system.
What are organic molecules?
Molecules which contain carbon atoms.
Define molecular formula.
A chemical formula that indicates the type of atoms and the correct number of each in a molecule.
What is a structural formula?
It shows which atoms are attached to which within the molecule. Atoms are represented by their chemical symbols and lines are used to represent all the bonds between them.
Condensed structural formula:
This notation shows how atoms are bonded to eachother in the molecule.
Define saturated compounds:
Substances with no multiple bonds between the carbon atoms in their hydrocarbon chain.
Define what an unsaturated compound is.
It is a compound which has multiple bonds (two or more) between carbon atoms in their hydrocarbon chains.
What is an addition reaction?
When a small molecule attaches itself to a carbon-carbon double bond to form a saturated molecule that contains the atoms of the attached molecule.
Define what an elimination reaction is?
Reaction in which 2 adjacent atoms or groups of atoms on adjacent carbon atoms are removed from a molecule and a double bond forms between carbon atoms.
What is cracking of hydrocarbons?
A chemical process in which h longer chain hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into shorter and more useful molecules.
Define the term substitution reaction.
A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms in a molecule is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.
What is a functional group?
A bond or an atom or a group of atoms that determines the physical and chemical properties of a group of organic compounds.
What is a functional isomer?
Same molecular formula, but different functional groups.
