Organic chemical reactions Flashcards
Some chemical reactions involving organic compounds
What’s the product of…
2C₄H₁₀(g) + 13O₂(g) →
butane + oxygen →
→ 8CO₂(g) + 10H₂O(g)
→ carbon dioxide + water
This is a combustion reaction.
The same products are obtained whichever alkane is burnt, so long as there is a sufficient oxygen supply.
What’s the product of…
C₂H₄(g) + 3O₂(g) →
ethene + oxygen →
→ 2CO₂(g) + 2H₂O(g)
→ carbon dioxide + water
This is a combustion reaction.
The same products are obtained whichever alkene is burnt, so long as there is a sufficient oxygen supply.
What’s the product of…
C₂H₅OH(l) + 3O₂(g) →
ethanol + oxygen →
→ 2CO₂(g) + 3H₂O(g)
→ carbon dioxide + water
This is a combustion reaction.
Ethanol burns with a clear flame, giving out quite a lot of heat.
What’s the product of…
C₂H₄(g) + Br₂(aq) →
ethene + bromine →
Br₂(aq) is an orange-brown solution.
→ C₂H₄Br₂(l)
→ 1,2-dibromoethane
This is an addition reaction.
C₂H₄Br₂(l) is a colourless liquid.
The reaction between an alkene and a bromine solution is known as bromination. This reaction is used as the chemical test for an unsaturated hydrocarbon. Bromine water is decolorised when shaken with an alkene. The reaction will also work with the bromine dissolved in an organic solvent such as hexane.
What’s the product of…
C₂H₄(g) + H₂(g) →
ethene + hydrogen →
This reaction requires 150 - 300°C using nickel as a catalyst.
→ C₂H₆(g)
→ ethane
This is a synthesis reaction.
The addition of hydrogen across a C=C double bond is known as hydrogenation. Ethene reacts with hydrogen if the heated gases are passed together over a catalyst.
What’s the product of…
C₂H₄(g) + H₂O(g) →
ethene + steam →
Requires 300°C and 60 atmospheres, using phosphoric acid as a catalyst.
→ C₂H₅OH(g)
→ ethanol
This is a synthesis reaction.
This type of reaction is known as hydration. This reaction produces the ethanol of high purity needed in industrial organic chemistry.
What’s the product of…
C₆H₁₂O₆(aq)→
glucose →
This reaction requires enzymes (yeast) in order to take place.
→ 2C₂H₅OH(aq) + 2CO₂(g)
→ ethanol + carbon dioxide
This is a decomposition reaction.
This type of reaction is known as fermentation. The best temperature for carrying out the process is 37°C. The reaction is catalysed by enzymes in the yeast.
