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MCAT PREP > Organic CHEM: Weeks 1-3 > Flashcards

Organic CHEM: Weeks 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps of IUPAC naming?

A
  1. Find the longest hydrocarbon chain.
  2. Number the chain.
  3. Name the substituents.
  4. NUmber the substituents.
  5. Create full name with substituents in alphabetical order.
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2
Q

The highest priority functional group (substituent) will be:

A

The most oxidized.

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3
Q

If a molecule presents with two or more hydrocarbon chains of equal length, which factor will determine which is the parent chain?

A

The most substituted chain will be the parent chain.

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4
Q

Does the oxidation state increase or decrease with more bonds to heteroatoms?

A

Increases (single atoms like O, N, S, bonded to carbon chain)

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5
Q

Does oxidation state increase or decrease with more bonds to hydrogen?

A

Decreases.

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6
Q

When will an alkene take priority over a alkyne in IUPAC naming?

A

When in a ring.

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7
Q

The highest priority substituent on a molecule will determine what?

A

It’s suffix.

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8
Q

True or false: IUPAC rules name substituents in alphabetical order, where hyphenated prefixes are taken into consideration.

A

FALSE: Name in alphabetical order where hyphenated prefixes are not considered, while non-hyphenated prefixes (iso, neo, cyclo) are considered.

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9
Q

Define alkane:

A

A hydrocarbon molecule with no double/triple bonds. The suffix of these molecules will be -ane. Ex: Hexane (C6H14)

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10
Q

Define alkyl halide:

A

An alkane with a halogen substituent - Flouride, chloride, iodide, bromide, astatine, tennesine.

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11
Q

Define alkene:

A

A hydrocarbon molecule with double bonds, suffix is changed to -ene.

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12
Q

Define alkyne:

A

A hydrocarbon molecule with triple bonds, suffix is changed to -yne.

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13
Q

If there is an alcohol substituent, what will the suffix change to?

A

-ol (methanol)

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14
Q

What is it called when a molecule has two alcohol groups attached to it?

A

Diol.

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15
Q

Compare a vicinal diol and a geminal diol:

A
  1. Vicinal diols have two OH groups, which are on neighboring carbons.
  2. Geminal diols have two OH groups, which originate from the same carbon.
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16
Q

What is another name for geminal diols? Why is this not often seen?

A

Hydrates, which are not commonly seen as they easily lose a water molecule to form a alkene carbonyl.

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17
Q

In a molecule with two double bonds adjacent to each other and an alcohol, which substituent takes priority?

A

The alcohol.

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18
Q

What is the highest priority substituent on the MCAT?

A

Carboxylic acids

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19
Q

**Common name for 2-propanol:

A

Isopropyl alcohol.

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20
Q

**Common name for ethanol:

A

Ethyl alcohol.

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21
Q

How do we distinguish between aldehydes and ketones?

A
  1. Aldehydes: Are at the termination of a hydrocarbon chain - binding to at least one hydrogen.
  2. Ketones: Are in the middle of a hydrocarbon chain - binding to carbon on either side.
22
Q

What will the suffix change to in aldehydes?

A

-al (Butanal)

23
Q

Common name for methanal:

A

Formaldehyde.

24
Q

Common name for ethanal:

A

Acetaldehyde.

25
Q

Common name for propanal:

A

proprionaldehyde

26
Q

What do we call an aldehyde sugar?

27
Q

What do we call a ketone sugar?

28
Q

What will the suffix change to in a ketone?

A

-one (2-pentone)

29
Q

If there is a substituent with higher priority than an aldehyde or ketone, what prefix should we give to the ketone/aldehyde?

A
  1. Aldehyde = oxo-
  2. Ketone = Oxo- or Keto-
30
Q

What is the common name for propanone?

31
Q

What will the suffix change to in a carboxylic acid?

A

-oic acid. (valproic acid)

32
Q

Common name for methanoic acid?

A

Formic acid.

33
Q

Common name for ethanoic acid?

A

Acetic acid.

34
Q

Common name for propanoic acid?

A

Propionic acid.

35
Q

Define an ester:

A

A carboxylic acid molecule, where the OH is replaced with an O-R. (Aloxy group).

36
Q

How are esters names?

A

The first word is the esterified group (O-R), the second word is the name of the parent carboxylic acid - suffix being -oate instead of -oic acid.

37
Q

Define an amide:

A

A carboxylic acid where the OH is replaced by a nitrogen - that may be unsubstituted or substituted. The suffix will change to -amide.

38
Q

In IUPAC naming how do we distinguish the substituents that are bound to the nitrogen?

A

Placing a N in front of their name. (N-ethylpropanamide)

39
Q

Define an anhydride:

A

A molecule formed by the combination of two carboxylic acids, where H2O is removed. Suffix will change to anhydride.

40
Q

If an anhydride is unsymmetrical, what must change in naming?

A

Each carboxylic acid will be named before the word anyhydride (ethanoic propanoic anhydride)

41
Q

Functional groups ranked in priority:

A
  1. Carboxylic acids.
  2. Anhydrides.
  3. Esters.
  4. Amides.
  5. Aldehydes.
  6. Ketones.
  7. Alcohol.
  8. Alkane/alkene/alkyne.
42
Q

1 carbon molecule

43
Q

2 carbon molecule:

44
Q

3 carbon molecule:

45
Q

4 carbon molecule:

46
Q

5 carbon molecule:

47
Q

6 carbon molecule:

48
Q

7 carbon molecule:

49
Q

8 carbon molecule:

50
Q

9 carbon molecule:

51
Q

10 carbon molecule:

MCAT PREP (7 decks)

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