Behavioral Sciences: Week 1-3 Flashcards
Which researcher developed the idea that a particular trait was associated with a specific area of the brain, and as that trait expands the area of the brain will expand. This causing the skull to expand in those regions - called phrenology. (proven false)
Franz Gall -
What did Pierre Flourens contribute to the scientific knowledge of behavioral sciences?
He studied the association between functions and specific areas of the brain - by cutting out specific portions of brain and observing behavior. Finding that the specific parts of the brain have specific functions, but that removing one part will weaken the entire brain.
What did William James contribute to the scientific knowledge of behavioral sciences?
Founded functionalism - study of the relationship between how mental processes benefit adaptation to ones environment.
What did John Dewey contribute to the scientific knowledge of behavioral sciences?
He supported functionalism by rejecting the theory of behavior as a reflex arc.
What did Paul Broca contribute to the scientific knowledge of behavioral sciences?
He the behavioral deficits of people with brain damage, discovering in one patient that their disability was due to a lesion in left side of the brain - now called “Broca’s area”
What did Hermann von Helmholtz contribute to the scientific knowledge of behavioral sciences?
He was first to measure the speed of a nerve impulse, and was able to link behavior and the nervous system. Making psychology quantifiable and considered physiological.
What did Sir Charles Sherrington contribute to the scientific knowledge of behavioral sciences?
Discovered the synapse.
What type of neuron will transmit sensory information from peripheral receptors to the CNS?
Afferent/sensory neurons.
What type of neuron will transmit motor information from the CNS to the muscles and glands?
Motor/efferent neurons.
What type of neurons are found in between other neurons, and are the most populated neuron?
Interneurons.
Where are interneurons predominately found? What is their most common function?
Brain and spinal cord. Most common function is reflexive behavior.
______ _______: A neural circuit that is responsible for regulating reflexive behaviors.
Reflec arcs.
What is included in the peripheral nervous system?
- 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
- 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
- Somatic N.S.
- Autonomic N.S.
What branch of the PNS is responsible for sensory and motor information within skin, joints, and muscles?
The somatic nervous system.
What branch of the PNS is responsible for regulating heartbeat, respiration, digestion, glandular secretions, involuntary muscles, and body temperature?
The autonomic nervous system.
True or false: The parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the ANS are synergistic with each other.
FALSE - they are antagonistic to each other.
_______________ nervous system: Conserves energy - rest and digest response.
Parasympathetic NS
________________ nervous system: Is activated by stress, and utilizes energy in any manner to sustain life - fight or flight response.
Sympathetic NS.
Functions of the rest and digest response:
- Constricts pupils.
- Stimulates saliva production.
- Constricts bronchi.
- Slows heart rate.
- Inhibits glucose release.
- Stimulates bile release.
- Inhibits adrenaline production.
- Stimulates peristalsis + GI secretions.
Functions of the fight or flight response:
- Increases heart rate.
- Redistributes blood to locomotive muscles.
- Increases blood glucose.
- Bronchodilation.
- Decreased digestive functions.
- Dilates eyes.
- Releases epinephrine into the blood stream.
Describe the meniges:
- Dura mater - outermost that is attached directly to bone.
- Arrachnoid mater - Middle fibrous layer.
- Pia mater - lays directly against the spinal cord/brain.
What is the function of the meniges?
To anchor the CNS and resorping CSF.
What structure produces cerebrospinal fluid?
Venticles (internal cavities) of the brain.
What two portions of the brain form the brainstem? What is its function?
- The hindbrain and midbrain will from the brainstem.
- All vital life functions - this is the most primitive region of the brain.
The function of the cerebral cortex?
Complex perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral process.
The following functions are done by which part of the brain: Hunger, thirst, and emotion.
Hypothalamus.
What is the function of the basal ganglia?
Steady movement.
What is the function of the limbic system?
Emotion and memory.
The thalamus is responsible for what functions?
Acts as a sensory relay station - transmit information to other parts of the brain.
The forebrain is made up of what?
- Thalamus.
- Hypothalamus.
- Limbic system.
- Basal ganglia.
- Cerebral cortex.
The midbrain is made up of what?
The inferior and superior colliculi.
What portion of the brain is responsible for sensorimotor reflexes?
The inferior and superior colliculi.
The hindbrain is made up of what?
- Cerebellum.
- Medulla oblongata
- Reticular formation.
- Pons.
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Refined motor movements.
What is the function of the medulla oblongata?
Heart function, vital reflexes (coughing and vomitting).
Which portion of the brain is responsible for arousal and alertness?
The reticular formation.
Which portion of the brain is responsible for communication within the brain, as well as breathing?
The pons.
The hindbrain AKA rhombencephalon manages what?
Basic vital functions.
How does the pons and cerebellum form in embryonic development?
Rhombencephalon forms into the myelencephalon - which becomes the medulla oblongata, and the metencephalon which becomes the pons and cerebellum.
What occurs if the cerebellum is damaged?
Loss of balance and motor control - clumsiness, slurred speech, and loss of balance. (affected by alcohol)
