Organic Chem Laboratory - Midterm

Question 1

Direct conversion of substance from solid to gas WITHOUT PASSING THROUGH THE LIQUID STATE.

Answer 1

Sublimation

Question 2

It can applied when the compound of a solid mixture differ appreciably in their vapor pressures.

Answer 2

Separation

Question 3

Depends on the differences of volatility

Answer 3

Purification

Question 4

Impurities that will remain behind as a residue in the sublimation process

Answer 4

Less volatile or non-volatile

Question 5

Two process that involves sublimation

Answer 5

1. Separation
2. Purification

Question 6

-Organic
- Polar (carboxylic acid + alcohol)
-can undergo sublimation process
- has a high vapor pressure; volatile in nature

Answer 6

Salicylic Acid

Question 7

Add impurity ______ ______ to separate impurity to organic

Answer 7

Sodium sulfate

Question 8

-precipitating agent -DETECTS presence of Sodium Sulfate (the impurity use to separate impurity from organic compounds)

Answer 8

Barium Chloride (BaCl2)

Question 9

Other substances that undergo sublimation:

Answer 9

-Camphor
-Napthalene
-Ammonium Chloride
-Anthracene

(CANA)

Question 10

-method employed to separate/ withdraw substances based on their solubility

-Involves separation of medicinally active portion of a plant/ animal tissue, by using selected solvents.

Answer 10

Extraction

Question 11

solvent used for extraction

Answer 11

Menstruum

Question 12

insoluble material that remains in the extraction

Answer 12

Marc

Question 13

filtrate (contains the solvent dissolved with extracted substance)

Answer 13

Extractive

Question 14

(residue) concentrate left after evaporation of solvent (menstruum).

Answer 14

Extract

Question 15

Solid ingredients are placed and soaked in a container with a prescribed solvent and allowed to stand for 2-3 days

Answer 15

Maceration

Question 16

Form of maceration in which gentle heat is used (15 minutes)

Answer 16

Digestion

Question 17

Extracting water-soluble and heat-table contents of plant by boiling in water

Answer 17

Decoction

Question 18

Maceration in hot/cold water

Answer 18

Infusion

Question 19

Involves slow passage of liquid through a filtering medium; aids with the use of percolator.

Answer 19

Percolation

Question 20

Involves slow passage of liquid through a filtering medium; aids with the use of ________.

Answer 20

Percolator

Question 21

• a pigment present in plant flower
• A flavonoid type

Answer 21

Anthocyanin

Question 22

Two types of confirmatory test for Anthocyanin

Answer 22

1. Acid Solution
2. Basic Solution

Question 23

in acid solution- 2HCl + 1ml of the flower extract

what is the color?

Answer 23

Purple/Magenta Color

Question 24

In a base solution - 2M NaOH + 1 mL of flower extract

what is the color?

Answer 24

Green color (positive)

Question 25

When a substance is dissolved in two/ more immiscible liquids, the solute (Substance) distribute itself between these immiscible liquid in a way that the ratio of its concentration in each liquid is CONSTANT irrespective of the amount of solute added.

Answer 25

Principle of Partitioning/Distribution

Question 26

Immiscible Liquids

Answer 26

Petroleum ether (nonpolar) Benzene (nonpolar) Methanol (polar)

Question 27

Who will combine with water?

Answer 27

Methanol (Polar)

Question 28

What are the immiscible liquids that chlorophyll is present?

Answer 28

Petroleum Ether (Non Polar) Benzene (Non Polar)

Question 29

The immiscible liquid that has been dried out by Na2SO4?

Answer 29

Methanol (polar)

Question 30

- A drying agent -Remove agents or traces of water from the green solution

Answer 30

Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4)

Question 31

a method of separation employed for purification of liquids

Answer 31

Distillation

Question 32

Involves conversion of the liquid to vapor state with the aid of heat and condensation of vapors back to the liquid state.

Answer 32

Distillation

Question 33

The processes that are involved in distillation are:

Answer 33

- evaporation - condensation

Question 34

To separate liquid mixtures in which liquids boiling point have a large temperature difference.

Answer 34

Simple Distillation

Question 35

Uses simple apparatus (distilling flask and condenser)

Answer 35

Simple Distillation

Question 36

Doesn't need to be repeated

Answer 36

Simple Distillation

Question 37

Can be used to separate a solvent from a solute

Answer 37

Simple Distillation

Question 38

Used to purify seawater

Answer 38

Simple Distillation

Question 39

To separate liquid mixture in which liquids boiling point have very close temperature difference

Answer 39

Fractional Distillation

Question 40

Uses complex apparatus (fractionating column)

Answer 40

Fractional Distillation

Question 41

Has to be repeated several times to get pure components

Answer 41

Fractional Distillation

Question 42

Cannot be used to separate solvent from a solute

Answer 42

Fractional Distillation

Question 43

Used in refining crude oil

Answer 43

Fractional Distillation

Question 44

ADDITIONAL

Answer 44

Study the Distillation Process Diagram