Organic Chem

Question 1

It proposes that carbon has a valence of four and that carbon can use one or more of its valences to form bonds with other atoms including carbon itself

Answer 1

Structural theory

Question 2

The nature of chemical bonds in organic compounds is

Answer 2

Covalent

Question 3

Formed by overlapping orbitals of two atoms in different ways

Answer 3

Covalent bonds

Question 4

Head-to-head overlap

Answer 4

Sigma bond

Question 5

Side-to-side overlap

Answer 5

Pi bond

Question 6

Results when 2 atoms of different electronegativities from a covalent bond such that the electrons are not equally shared between them

Answer 6

Polarity

Question 7

Results from the partial positivity and partial negativity of a polar covalent bond

Answer 7

Dipole moment

Question 8

Molecule with no net dipole moment

Answer 8

Non polar

Question 9

Molecule with net dipole moment

Answer 9

Polar molecule

Question 10

The average distance separating the nuclei of bonded atoms

Answer 10

Bond lenght

Question 11

Bond length _______ with decreasing atomic radius/ size

Answer 11

Decreases

I > C > H

Question 12

Relationship of bond length with polarity

Answer 12

Inverse
⬇️BL = ⬆️polarity
C > N> O> F

Question 13

Rel of bond length and s character of hybrid orbitals

Answer 13

Inverse

⬇️BL=⬆️s character of the hybrid orbitals

Question 14

relationship of BL with pi bond e density

Answer 14

Inversely

Question 15

Energy needed to disrupt a covalent bond (in kJ/mol)

Answer 15

Bond energy/ strength

Question 16

Relationship of bond strength with polarity

Answer 16

Direct
⬆️BS=⬆️polarity
F>Cl>Br>I

Question 17

Rel of bond strength with s character of the hybrid orbitals

Answer 17

Direct

⬆️BS=⬆️s character

Question 18

Rel of bond strength and pi bond e density

Answer 18

Direct

Question 19

Shows how electrons are distributed in organic molecules and how they affect the physical and chemical properties of the molecule

Answer 19

Structural effects

Question 20

Used to explain strengthening and shortening of bonds, nucleophilicity/electrophilicity of sites, and thermodynamic stability

Answer 20

Pi electron delocalization or resonance

Question 21

Results in the distortion of electron distribution due to the effect through sigma bond by EDG or EWG of atoms

Answer 21

Inductive effects

Question 22

-NH2

Answer 22

Strong EDG

Question 23

NHR

Answer 23

Strong EDG

Question 24

NHR2

Answer 24

Strong EDG

Question 25

NH(c=o)R

Answer 25

Mod EDG

Question 26

NR(C=O)R

Answer 26

Mod EDG

Question 27

OH

Answer 27

Mod EDG

Question 28

OR

Answer 28

Mod EDG

Question 29

Hyperconjugative effect includes

Answer 29

CH3, CR3, CH2R, CHR2, C6H5

Question 30

EDG makes the electron pair more available leading to

Answer 30

Enhanced basicity

Question 31

NO2 CX3

Answer 31

Strong EWG

Question 32

F, Cl, Br, I

Answer 32

Weak EWG

Question 33

EWG enhance both

Answer 33

Posivity of H | Dispersal of negative charge

Question 34

EWG enhance both the Posivity of H and Dispersal of negative charge, stabilizing the conjugate base thus leading to

Answer 34

Enhanced acidity

Question 35

Presence of bulky substituents may result on the crowding of other substituents or atoms that may lead to weakening of binds leading to acceleration of bond cleavage

Answer 35

Steric effect

Question 36

Steric effect near an acidic group favors

Answer 36

removal of protons (enhanced acidity)

Question 37

Steric effect near the lone pair of electrons makes them

Answer 37

Less accessible or available for donation (decreasing basicity)

Question 38

Dissolution involves

Answer 38

Breaking IMF = similar | Forming = dissimilar

Question 39

Boiling point increases with

Answer 39

- ⬆️molecular size - ⬇️ branching - ⬆️polarity of the molecule - ⬇️molecular symmetry - ⬇️intramolecular H-bonding

Question 40

Solubility of organic compound increases with

Answer 40

- ⬇️carbon chain length - branching - ⬆️capacity to form intermolecular H-bonding