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nmat chem > Organic Chem > Flashcards

Organic Chem Flashcards

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1
Q

It proposes that carbon has a valence of four and that carbon can use one or more of its valences to form bonds with other atoms including carbon itself

A

Structural theory

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2
Q

The nature of chemical bonds in organic compounds is

A

Covalent

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3
Q

Formed by overlapping orbitals of two atoms in different ways

A

Covalent bonds

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4
Q

Head-to-head overlap

A

Sigma bond

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5
Q

Side-to-side overlap

A

Pi bond

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6
Q

Results when 2 atoms of different electronegativities from a covalent bond such that the electrons are not equally shared between them

A

Polarity

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7
Q

Results from the partial positivity and partial negativity of a polar covalent bond

A

Dipole moment

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8
Q

Molecule with no net dipole moment

A

Non polar

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9
Q

Molecule with net dipole moment

A

Polar molecule

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10
Q

The average distance separating the nuclei of bonded atoms

A

Bond lenght

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11
Q

Bond length _______ with decreasing atomic radius/ size

A

Decreases

I > C > H

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12
Q

Relationship of bond length with polarity

A

Inverse
⬇️BL = ⬆️polarity
C > N> O> F

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13
Q

Rel of bond length and s character of hybrid orbitals

A

Inverse

⬇️BL=⬆️s character of the hybrid orbitals

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14
Q

relationship of BL with pi bond e density

A

Inversely

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15
Q

Energy needed to disrupt a covalent bond (in kJ/mol)

A

Bond energy/ strength

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16
Q

Relationship of bond strength with polarity

A

Direct
⬆️BS=⬆️polarity
F>Cl>Br>I

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17
Q

Rel of bond strength with s character of the hybrid orbitals

A

Direct

⬆️BS=⬆️s character

18
Q

Rel of bond strength and pi bond e density

A

Direct

19
Q

Shows how electrons are distributed in organic molecules and how they affect the physical and chemical properties of the molecule

A

Structural effects

20
Q

Used to explain strengthening and shortening of bonds, nucleophilicity/electrophilicity of sites, and thermodynamic stability

A

Pi electron delocalization or resonance

21
Q

Results in the distortion of electron distribution due to the effect through sigma bond by EDG or EWG of atoms

A

Inductive effects

22
Q

-NH2

A

Strong EDG

23
Q

NHR

A

Strong EDG

24
Q

NHR2

A

Strong EDG

25
Q

NH(c=o)R

A

Mod EDG

26
Q

NR(C=O)R

A

Mod EDG

27
Q

OH

A

Mod EDG

28
Q

OR

A

Mod EDG

29
Q

Hyperconjugative effect includes

A

CH3, CR3, CH2R, CHR2, C6H5

30
Q

EDG makes the electron pair more available leading to

A

Enhanced basicity

31
Q

NO2 CX3

A

Strong EWG

32
Q

F, Cl, Br, I

A

Weak EWG

33
Q

EWG enhance both

A

Posivity of H

Dispersal of negative charge

34
Q

EWG enhance both the Posivity of H and Dispersal of negative charge, stabilizing the conjugate base thus leading to

A

Enhanced acidity

35
Q

Presence of bulky substituents may result on the crowding of other substituents or atoms that may lead to weakening of binds leading to acceleration of bond cleavage

A

Steric effect

36
Q

Steric effect near an acidic group favors

A

removal of protons (enhanced acidity)

37
Q

Steric effect near the lone pair of electrons makes them

A

Less accessible or available for donation (decreasing basicity)

38
Q

Dissolution involves

A

Breaking IMF = similar

Forming = dissimilar

39
Q

Boiling point increases with

A
  • ⬆️molecular size
  • ⬇️ branching
  • ⬆️polarity of the molecule
  • ⬇️molecular symmetry
  • ⬇️intramolecular H-bonding
40
Q

Solubility of organic compound increases with

A
  • ⬇️carbon chain length
  • branching
  • ⬆️capacity to form intermolecular H-bonding

nmat chem (2 decks)

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